Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41572430›Full record

ArticleBioinformatics (Oxford, England)2026

SAIGE-GPU: accelerating genome- and phenome-wide association studies using GPUs.

Alex Rodriguez, Youngdae Kim, Tarak Nath Nandi, Karl Keat, Rachit Kumar, Mitchell Conery, Rohan Bhukar, Molei Liu, John Hessington, Ketan Maheshwari and 14 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors.

Alex RodriguezData Science and Learning, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-0723-665X
Youngdae KimDepartment of Industrial Engineering, Artificial Intelligence Graduate School, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
Tarak Nath NandiData Science and Learning, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, United States.
Karl KeatInstitute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
Rachit KumarInstitute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-7736-3307
Mitchell ConeryData Science and Learning, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, United States.
Rohan BhukarProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States.
Molei LiuDepartment of Biostatistics, Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, United States.
John HessingtonInformation Systems, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
Ketan MaheshwariOak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, United States.
VA Million Veteran Program
Edmon BegoliOak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, United States.
Georgia TourassiComputing and Computational Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, United States.
Sumitra MuralidharDepartment of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC 20420, United States.
Pradeep NatarajanCardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States.
Benjamin F VoightDepartment of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-6205-9994
Kelly ChoDepartment of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-1727-7076
John Michael GazianoDepartment of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
Scott M DamrauerCorporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
Katherine P LiaoDepartment of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
Wei ZhouProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-7719-0859
Jennifer E HuffmanDepartment of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
Anurag VermaInstitute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
Ravi K MadduriData Science and Learning, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, United States.

Funding

Functional Interrogation of T2D-associated genes in human stem cell-derived models and miceUM1DK126194 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI GRANT, STRUAN F A, KAESTNER, KLAUS H · 2020 to 2024
$8.8M
Unravelling genetic basis of comorbidity using EHR-linked biobank dataR01GM138597 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI KIM, DOKYOON · 2020 to 2023
$2.2M
Translational Alcohol Research Program (TARP)T32AA028259 · NIAAA · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI COSGROVE, KELLY P., VASILIOU, VASILIS · 2020 to 2024
$1.8M
NIAAA NIH HHS T32 AA028259NIDDK NIH HHS UM1 DK126194NIGMS NIH HHS R01GM138597
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

motivationGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) at biobank scale are computationally intensive, especially for admixed populations requiring robust statistical models. SAIGE is a widely used method for generalized linear mixed-model GWAS but is limited by its CPU-based implementation, making phenome-wide association studies impractical for many research groups.

resultsWe developed SAIGE-GPU, a GPU-accelerated version of SAIGE that replaces CPU-intensive matrix operations with GPU-optimized kernels. The core innovation is distributing genetic relationship matrix calculations across GPUs and communication layers. Applied to 2068 phenotypes from 635 969 participants in the Million Veteran Program, including diverse and admixed populations, SAIGE-GPU achieved a 5-fold speedup in mixed model fitting on supercomputing infrastructure and cloud platforms. We further optimized the variant association testing step through multi-core and multi-trait parallelization. Deployed on Google Cloud Platform and Azure, the method provided substantial cost and time savings. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: Source code and binaries are available for download at https://github.com/saigegit/SAIGE/tree/SAIGE-GPU-1.3.3. A code snapshot is archived at Zenodo for reproducibility (DOI: [10.5281/zenodo.17642591]). SAIGE-GPU is available in a containerized format for use across HPC and cloud environments and is implemented in R/C++ and runs on Linux systems.

Indexed as

Genome-Wide Association StudyPhenomicsSoftwareAlgorithmsHumansPhenotype

Identifiers

PMID41572430
PMCPMC12960912

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.