ArticleBMC oral health2026
Prevalence and etiology of molar incisor hypomineralization and hypomineralized second primary molars in children, Uşak Region, Turkey.
Article in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence and etiology of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPM) in children aged 8-12 years living in the Usak region of Turkey.
methodsA total of 287 children were examined by a single clinician. Permanent first molars, second primary molars, and permanent incisors were evaluated for MIH and HSPM. A questionnaire was used to collect data on potential etiological factors, including the mother's health during pregnancy, breastfeeding duration, and medical history in the first four-years-of life. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests.
resultsThe prevalence of MIH and HSPM was 24.4%(70 children) and 3.5%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the right and left sides of the jaws, although the incisors were more affected in the maxilla. The most common defect was 'opacities with a distinct border creamy white color' in both HSPM and MIH. A statistically significant relationship was found between HSPM and MIH (p = .007). Gestational hypertension showed a significant correlation with MIH(p = .007). Frequent fever, febrile convulsion and diarrhea in the first four-years-of life increased the incidence of MIH, but relationship was not statistically significant.
conclusionMIH and HSPM are common dental problems in childhood and managing them is challenging. HSPM was significantly associated with MIH and considered as predictor for MIH. Gestational hypertension was a significant etiological factor for MIH. These findings highlight the importance of preventive treatments and early treatment planning by dentists, especially for children with identified risk factors.
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