Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41572098›Full record

Trial reportJournal of clinical psychology in medical settings2026

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Biofeedback for Chronic Headache: Effects on Pain Catastrophizing, Sleep Quality, and Disability.

Apoorva Goel, Palak Upadhyay, Gursabeen Kaur, Birinder Singh Paul, Bholeshwar Prasad Mishra

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Apoorva GoelDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, India.
Palak UpadhyayDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, India.
Gursabeen KaurDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, India. gursabeen0381@gmail.com.
Birinder Singh PaulDepartment of Neurology, Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, India.
Bholeshwar Prasad MishraDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To compare the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Biofeedback and their combination on pain catastrophizing, sleep quality, and headache-related disability among patients with chronic daily headache (CDH).In a randomized controlled trial conducted at a tertiary care hospital in North India, 100 patients diagnosed with CDH were randomly assigned to four groups: CBT (n = 25), Biofeedback (n = 25), Combined CBT + Biofeedback (n = 25) and Treatment-as-Usual (TAU; n = 25). Assessments were conducted at baseline, post-intervention, and at a 2-month follow-up using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS). Significant time effects were observed for all outcomes-pain catastrophizing (F = 147.39, p < .001, η

Indexed as

Biofeedback, PsychologyCatastrophizationCognitive Behavioral TherapyHeadache DisordersSleep QualityAdultCombined Modality TherapyDisability EvaluationFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedTreatment OutcomeBiofeedbackCBTChronic HeadacheHeadache-Related DisabilityPain CatastrophizingSleep Quality

Identifiers

PMID41572098

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.