ArticleAesthetic plastic surgery2026
Novel Treatment of Pyramidal Multi-Type, Multi-Method, and Multi-Layer (3M) Autologous Fat Grafting Strategy for Infraorbital Aging.
Article in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Advancing fat graft survival: from adipose-derived stem cell mechanisms to next-generation regenerative strategies.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLower eyelid aging manifests as several distinct issues, including tear trough deformities, eye bags (with or without skin laxity), and infraorbital dark circles. As lower eyelid aging represents a complex and multifactorial problem, the current approaches, relying on a single surgical technique or injection of single product, often yield unsatisfactory results. The present study describes a simplified strategy utilizing fat derivatives transplantation: the Pyramidal Multi-type, Multi-method, and Multi-layer (3M) strategy. This approach achieved favorable outcomes by simultaneously addressing all these lower eyelid aging problems.
methodsThis study included 53 patients (106 sides), with a median follow-up of 15.5 months (range from 6 to 24 months). All patients received Pyramidal 3M fat grafting for lower eyelid aging by deep transplantation of macrofat, superficial transplantation of microfat or microfat/superficial enhanced fluid fat (SEFF), and subdermal transplantation of nanofat or stromal vascular fraction (SVF). We retrospectively analyzed the histories and photographs of patients who underwent Pyramidal 3M fat grafting for lower eyelid aging. Patients were followed up before and 6 months after the treatments by modified Goldberg scale and subject satisfaction assessment (SSA) scale.
resultsOnly mild adverse effects such as mild edema and transient ecchymosis were observed, occurring in 3.8% of patients. More severe complications like infections, calcification, fibrosis, fat liquefaction, visible grafts, occlusion of the ophthalmic artery, or vision loss were not encountered in any participants. 11 patients (22 sides) underwent revision surgery 3-6 months after the initial procedure due to suboptimal outcomes. Both the Goldberg scale and SSA scale demonstrated statistically significant improvements to varying degrees.
conclusionThe Pyramidal 3M autologous fat grafting strategy provides a convenient, effective, and safe solution for infraorbital rejuvenation in middle-aged patients, with rapid recovery. This technique effectively addresses tear trough deformities, mild eye bags (without skin laxity), and dark circles. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Indexed as
Identifiers
41572021What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.