Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41571936›Full record

ReviewApoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death2026

The cGAS-STING pathway in fibroblast microenvironment: from molecular mechanisms to targeted therapies.

Zhe Zhang, Huidan Deng, Xiyuan Zhang, Jiayan Li, Jianyi Zhao, Junyang Liu, Chao Deng, Yang Yang, Zhenxing Liang

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Zhe Zhang *Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
Huidan Deng *Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
Xiyuan Zhang *Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
Jiayan LiXi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
Jianyi ZhaoXi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
Junyang LiuXi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
Chao DengDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
Yang YangXi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China. yang200214yy@nwu.edu.cn.
Zhenxing LiangDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East, Zhengzhou, 450052, China. fccliangzx@zzu.edu.cn.

Funding

2024 Henan Province young and middle-aged health science and technology innovation talent training project JQRC2024012Key Medical Research Projects in Xi'an City 24YXYJ0010National Natural Science Foundation of China 82572480Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province 2025JC-YBMS-990Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province 2025SYS-SYSZD-087Qinchuangyuan Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research and Development Transformation Project 2022-QCYZH-036Research Plan Project of Shaanxi Institute of Basic Science 22JHQ053Shaanxi Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Innovation Talent Project TZKN-CXRC-06
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway serves as a core signaling axis for sensing cytosolic DNA and activating innate immunity. By recognizing abnormal DNA released from pathogens or tissue damage, it triggers the expression of type I interferons (IFN-I) and inflammatory cytokines, playing a pivotal role in innate immune defense, tumor immune surveillance, and tissue homeostasis regulation. As an important signaling hub in the fibroblast microenvironment, this pathway is involved in various pathophysiological processes such as antiviral immune responses, fibrosis progression, and remodeling of the tumor microenvironment (TME). In recent years, its potential in targeted therapy has become increasingly prominent: agonists of the pathway can enhance anti‑tumor immune responses, while inhibitors hold promise for alleviating aberrant inflammatory responses in fibrotic and autoimmune diseases. This review introduces the structural composition, signaling transduction process, and biological functions of the cGAS-STING pathway, and provides an overview of current research advances on related diseases, demonstrating the great potential of targeting this pathway in disease treatment.

Indexed as

FibroblastsMembrane ProteinsNucleotidyltransferasesAnimalscGAS-STING Signaling PathwayCyclic Guanosine Monophosphate-Adenosine Monophosphate SynthaseHumansImmunity, InnateInnate Immunity RecognitionInterferon Type IMolecular Targeted TherapyNeoplasmsSignal TransductionSTING ProteinTumor MicroenvironmentcGAS protein, humanCyclic Guanosine Monophosphate-Adenosine Monophosphate SynthaseInterferon Type IMembrane ProteinsNucleotidyltransferasesSTING1 protein, humanSTING ProteincGAS-STING pathwayFibroblastsImmune surveillanceTargeted therapyTME

Identifiers

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.