Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41571841›Full record

ReviewEuropean journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging2026

Marine-Lenhart syndrome: why nuclear medicine imaging remains essential for diagnosis and treatment.

Petra Petranović Ovčariček, Rosaria Maddalena Ruggeri, Alfredo Campennì, Isabella Corrêa Chaves Nunes, Daria Maccora, Murat Tuncel, Luca Giovanella

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Petra Petranović OvčaričekDepartment of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia. p.petranovic@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0003-1946-2128
Rosaria Maddalena RuggeriEndocrinology Unit, Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood DETEV, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, Messina, 98125, Italy.
Alfredo CampennìDepartment of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, Unit of Nuclear Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, 98100, Italy.
Isabella Corrêa Chaves NunesDivisão de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Felicio Rocho, Belo Horizonte, 9530, Brasil.
Daria MaccoraNuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53, Rome, 00144, Italy.
Murat TuncelDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06230, Ankara, Turkey.
Luca GiovanellaDepartment of Nuclear Medicine and Thyroid Centre, Gruppo Ospedaliero Moncucco, Via Soldino 10, Lugano, 6900, Switzerland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis review examines Marine-Lenhart syndrome (MLS), an uncommon thyroid disorder that combines Graves' disease with autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTNs) and demonstrates why nuclear medicine imaging is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.

methodsWe reviewed case reports and case series published over the past three decades and analyzed clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, prevalence rates, disease mechanisms, and treatment outcomes of MLS.

resultsThis relatively rare syndrome occurs in approximately 0.8-4.3% of patients with Graves' disease, though rates vary depending on the diagnostic criteria and imaging methods used. It presents a diagnostic challenge because AFTNs often remain suppressed and appear "cold" on initial scans, only becoming visible after treatment - the characteristic "unmasking effect". Thyroid scintigraphy with either

conclusionNuclear medicine imaging is crucial for MLS diagnosis and treatment planning. Functional imaging identifies AFTNs, guides appropriate radioiodine treatment, and prevents treatment failure. Routine thyroid scintigraphy is recommended in all patients with hyperthyroidism and thyroid nodules before starting therapy.

Indexed as

Graves DiseaseNuclear MedicineThyroid NoduleHumansRadionuclide ImagingSyndromeAutonomous thyroid nodulesGraves' diseaseHyperthyroidismMarine-Lenhart syndromeRadioiodine therapyThyroid scintigraphy

Identifiers

PMID41571841

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.