Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41571831›Full record

ArticleNature genetics2026

Central role of glycosylation processes in human genetic susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infections with Omicron variants.

Frank Geller, Xiaoping Wu, Vilma Lammi, Erik Abner, Jesse Tyler Valliere, Katerina Nastou, Angus Burns, Morten Rasmussen, Niklas Worm Andersson, Liam Quinn and 35 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature genetics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Inherited Susceptibility to Urinary Tract Infections from Kidney Papilla to Bladder.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

45 authors.

Frank GellerDepartment of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark. fge@ssi.dk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9238-3269
Xiaoping WuDepartment of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7844-1397
Vilma LammiInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3256-5239
Erik AbnerEstonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6529-3161
Jesse Tyler ValliereMolecular and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Katerina NastouDepartment of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Angus BurnsMolecular and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6336-5531
Morten RasmussenVirus Research and Development Laboratory, Virus & Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Niklas Worm AnderssonDepartment of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7622-6303
Liam QuinnDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.
DBDS Genomic Consortium
Bitten AagaardDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8306-1332
Karina BanasikDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager & Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Sofie BliddalDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager & Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2456-1019
Lasse BodingDanish National Biobank, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Søren BrunakNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0316-5866
Nanna BrønsDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Jonas Bybjerg-GrauholmDepartment of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1705-4008
Lea Arregui Nordahl ChristoffersenDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.
Maria DidriksenDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-496X
Khoa Manh DinhDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1881-5673
Christian ErikstrupDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6551-6647
Ulla Feldt-RasmussenDepartment of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Kirsten GrønbækDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1535-9601
Kathrine Agergård KaspersenDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7973-3623
Christina MikkelsenDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2945-6197
Claus Henrik NielsenInstitute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Henriette Svarre NielsenDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager & Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2106-8103
Susanne Dam NielsenViro-Immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Janna NissenDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8891-8451
Celia Burgos SequerosNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9295-3073
Niels TommerupDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2304-0112
Henrik UllumStatens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Estonian Biobank Research Team
FinnGen
Lampros SpiliopoulosDepartment of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Peter BagerDepartment of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Anders HviidDepartment of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-9127
Erik SørensenDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5002-9077
Ole Birger PedersenDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2312-5976
Jacqueline M LaneMolecular and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Ria LassaunièreVirus Research and Development Laboratory, Virus & Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Hanna M OllilaInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5302-6429
Sisse Rye OstrowskiDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5288-3851
Bjarke FeenstraDepartment of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1478-649X

Funding

Leveraging human genetics to overcome complex diagnostic challenges, evaluation of pan-ancestry polygenic scores to reduce misdiagnosis of narcolepsy and circadian rhythm sleep wake disorders.R01HG012810 · NHGRI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI Daniel J Gottlieb · 2023 to 2026
$2.6M
Long COVID as a putative subtype of chronic fatigue syndromeR01AI170850 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI Richa Saxena · 2022 to 2026
$2.2M
Genetics of human circadian rhythms: using sequencing, novel phenotyping methods, and functional assays to move towards a deeper understanding of circadian mechanismsR35GM146839 · NIGMS · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI LANE, JACQUELINE MARIE · 2022 to 2025
$1.8M
NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG012810NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI170850NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM146839
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The host genetics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have previously been studied based on cases from the earlier waves of the pandemic in 2020 and 2021, identifying 51 genomic loci associated with infection and/or severity. SARS-CoV-2 has shown rapid sequence evolution, increasing transmissibility, particularly for Omicron variants, which raises the question of whether this affected the host genetic factors. We performed a genome-wide association study of SARS-CoV-2 infection with Omicron variants, including more than 150,000 cases from four cohorts. We identified 13 genome-wide significant loci, of which only five were previously described as associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The strongest signal was a single nucleotide polymorphism in an intron of ST6GAL1, a gene affecting immune development and function, connected to three other associated loci (harboring MUC1, MUC5AC and MUC16) through O-glycan biosynthesis. Our study provides robust evidence for individual genetic variation related to glycosylation, translating into susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infections with Omicron variants.

Indexed as

COVID-19Genetic Predisposition to DiseaseSARS-CoV-2Antigens, CDbeta-D-Galactoside alpha 2-6-SialyltransferaseGenome-Wide Association StudyGlycosylationHumansMucin-1Polymorphism, Single NucleotideSialyltransferasesAntigens, CDbeta-D-Galactoside alpha 2-6-SialyltransferaseMUC1 protein, humanMucin-1SialyltransferasesST6GAL1 protein, human

Identifiers

PMID41571831
PMCPMC12900642

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.