ArticleScientific reports2026
Rheological characterisation of clay-cement sealing suspensions with fractionated coal fly ashes.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This study investigates the rheological behaviour of clay-cement sealing suspensions modified with dry size-fractionated coal fly ashes of contrasting chemical composition. High-calcium S1 ashes and siliceous S2 ashes were separated into ultrafine (< 10 μm), fine (5-20 μm), and middle (20-100 μm) fractions to isolate size-dependent reactivity. Rotational and oscillatory rheometry demonstrate that Ca-rich fractions induce rapid structuration: at 20wt% ash addition, the Bingham yield stress rises from ~ 20-30 Pa in reference suspensions to > 150 Pa, and exceeds 400 Pa at 30wt% S1 loading, accompanied by steep increases in storage modulus (G' up to 10⁷-10⁸Pa for ultrafine fractions). In contrast, S2 ashes disperse the clay-cement network, lowering yield stress to ~ 15-60 Pa even at 40 wt% replacement and maintaining moderate viscoelastic stiffness (G'~10⁴-10⁵Pa). Particle fineness amplifies these trends: S1.UF promotes early hydration products precipitation and slip-layer formation, whereas S2.UF preserves fluidity. Sodium-silicate activation introduces a distinct threshold-at 1.0-1.5wt% Na₂SiO₃ the S1 systems undergo a sol-gel transition, with τ₀ surging above 200 Pa, while S2 systems respond gradually. These results quantitatively shows how ash chemistry and granulometry govern early yield stress, viscosity, and G'/G″ ratios, and identify composition windows for either rapid sealing (Ca-rich, fine fractions) or long-distance pumpability (Si-rich, fine fractions). The work demonstrates that fractionated fly ash provides an effective design tool for tailoring rheology of low-cement, sustainable sealing slurries for hydraulic and geotechnical applications.
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