Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41571550›Full record

ArticleTrends in biotechnology2026

The FDA's plan to phase out animal testing.

Sara Gerke, Jacob Balamut, Jennifer K Wagner

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Trends in biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Sara GerkeCollege of Law and European Union Center, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA. Electronic address: gerke@illinois.edu.
Jacob BalamutProject BLAST: Bioethical, Legal, and Anthropological Study of Technologies, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
Jennifer K WagnerSchool of Engineering Design and Innovation, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.

Funding

The Pan-Human Virome Atlas: From Single-Cell Mapping to Population-Scale LandscapesU54AG089335 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI JAMES R CERHAN, Yvonne L Kapila · 2025 to 2026
$13.0M
BBQS AI Resource and Data Coordinating Center (BARD.CC)U24MH136628 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI CABRERA TRUJILLO, LAURA YENISA, GHOSH, SATRAJIT SUJIT · 2024 to 2024
$2.0M
Bioethical, Legal, and Anthropological Study of Technologies (BLAST)R21EB035474 · NIBIB · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI WAGNER, JENNIFER KRISTIN · 2023 to 2024
$441k
NIA NIH HHS U54 AG089335NIBIB NIH HHS R21 EB035474NIMH NIH HHS U24 MH136628
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Replacing animal testing through 'New Approach Methodologies' holds promise for developing cheaper and safer drugs without animal suffering. However, such an approach should be implemented carefully, and it cannot be rushed. We discuss the FDA Modernization Act 2.0 and 3.0 and the FDA's roadmap to phase out animal testing.

Indexed as

Animal Testing AlternativesUnited States Food and Drug AdministrationAnimalsHumansUnited Statesanimal testingFDAFDA Modernization Act 2.0 and 3.0NAMsNew Approach Methodologies

Identifiers

PMID41571550
PMCPMC12834477

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.