Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41570924›Full record

ArticlePreventive medicine2026

Child access prevention laws and firearm storage in the US: Associations by law stringency and social vulnerability.

Stephen N Oliphant, Michelle Degli Esposti, Katherine G Hastings, Heather A Hartman, Peter F Ehrlich, Patrick M Carter, Rebeccah L Sokol

Erratum issuedAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Preventive medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Stephen N OliphantInstitute for Firearm Injury Prevention, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America. Electronic address: oliphasn@umich.edu.
Michelle Degli EspostiInstitute for Firearm Injury Prevention, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.
Katherine G HastingsInstitute for Firearm Injury Prevention, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Electronic address: katiegh@student.ubc.ca.
Heather A HartmanInstitute for Firearm Injury Prevention, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America. Electronic address: heather.hartman@nemours.org.
Peter F EhrlichInstitute for Firearm Injury Prevention, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America. Electronic address: pehrlich@umich.edu.
Patrick M CarterInstitute for Firearm Injury Prevention, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Health Behavior and Health Equity, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America. Electronic address: cartpatr@med.umich.edu.
Rebeccah L SokolInstitute for Firearm Injury Prevention, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America. Electronic address: rlsokol@umich.edu.

Funding

Firearm Safety Among Children and Teens (FACTS): Multi-Disciplinary Research Training ProgramT32HD108054 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Patrick M. Carter, Marc A Zimmerman · 2022 to 2026
$1.7M
NICHD NIH HHS T32 HD108054
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveIt is unclear whether Child Access Prevention (CAP) laws influence firearm storage.We sought to analyze the association of CAP laws with loaded and unlocked firearm storage.

methodsWe used logistic regressions to analyze survey data of 2264 firearm owners from a 2023 nationally representative U.S. SAMPLE: Secondary analyses disaggregated CAP laws by stringency (i.e., liability thresholds for negligent storage) and examined associations by parental status and county social vulnerability.

resultsNearly one-third of U.S. firearm owners reported storing at least one firearm loaded and unlocked (unsecure storage). Residence in a CAP law state was only associated with lower odds of unsecure storage in unadjusted models; however, firearm-owning adults in states with the most stringent CAP laws were less likely to report unsecure storage than those in non-CAP law states even after covariate adjustment. In analyses stratified by county social vulnerability, CAP laws were only associated with lower odds of unsecure storage in the least vulnerable counties.

conclusionOur results suggest that the relationship between CAP laws and firearm storage varies depending on the stringency of the law and county social vulnerability. Understanding how these and other factors drive effect heterogeneity will inform CAP laws and implementation efforts.

Indexed as

FirearmsLiability, LegalOwnershipSocial VulnerabilityAdolescentAdultChildCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleParentsSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited StatesChild access prevention lawsFirearm policyFirearm storageHealth policySocial vulnerability

Identifiers

PMID41570924
PMCPMC12862484

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.