ArticleInternational urogynecology journal2026
Women's Self-Management of Urinary Incontinence: A Qualitative Study Using the Proactive Health Behavior Framework.
Article in International urogynecology journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introduction and hypothesisUrinary incontinence (UI) is a common condition among middle-aged and older women. Despite well-established international guidelines for conservative treatment, patient adherence remains sub-optimal, highlighting a discrepancy between recommendations and practical implementation. This study is aimed at exploring the multidimensional factors influencing the self-management behaviors of patients with UI using the Proactive Health Behavior (PHB) framework.
methodsA descriptive, qualitative design was used in this study. Guided by the PHB, semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 21 middle-aged and older women diagnosed with UI. Data analysis was carried out using a combination of inductive and deductive methods.
resultsA total of 7 themes and 15 sub-themes were identified. The themes were: misconception and sub-optimal behaviors; diminished subject agency and insufficient outcome perception; the inadequacy of standardized UI management; lack of social support and information sources; life pressures and time management challenges; lifestyle patterns and transformations; and historical constraints of the era. Most participants demonstrated low adherence to sustained self-management practices and limited willingness to pursue medical treatment. The study identified factors for self-management including the micro level (cognitive and motivational factors), meso level (inadequate social support), and macro level (health care system and resource constraints).
conclusionSelf-management behaviors of middle-aged and older women with UI are influenced by multiple factors. The findings suggest that multi-level, comprehensive interventions might be needed to support women in effectively managing UI, which should focus on improving patients' awareness, competencies, and behavioral change.
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