Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41569020›Full record

ArticleTranslational vision science & technology2026

Patient-Reported Symptoms Versus Clinician-Measured Signs to Distinguish Sjogren's in Patients With Dry Eye.

Michael X Lin, Julia Zeng, David Cui, Lee W Guo, Gavin Li, Kyle Munar, Michela Montecchi-Palmer, Ian J Saldanha, Esen K Akpek

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In one paragraph

Article in Translational vision science & technology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Michael X LinThe Ocular Surface Disease Clinic, The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Julia ZengThe Ocular Surface Disease Clinic, The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
David CuiThe Ocular Surface Disease Clinic, The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Lee W GuoThe Ocular Surface Disease Clinic, The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Gavin LiThe Ocular Surface Disease Clinic, The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Kyle MunarThe Ocular Surface Disease Clinic, The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Michela Montecchi-PalmerAlcon Inc., Fort Worth, TX, USA.
Ian J SaldanhaJohns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Esen K AkpekThe Ocular Surface Disease Clinic, The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical factors that could differentiate patients with Sjogren's disease-related dry eye (SDDE) from non-SDDE. Methods: Patients with SDDE (n = 20), non-SDDE (n = 47), and healthy control participants (n = 29) were enrolled. Patients with dry eye were required to have physician-diagnosed dry eye disease for at least 6 months prior to the study. Sjogren's diagnosis was made according to 2016 Sjogren's disease criteria. Control participants had no known dry eye diagnosis or ocular and/or autoimmune disease. Several validated questionnaires regarding overall health and perception of health, mental status, review of systems, and ocular symptom were administered concurrently. Ocular surface and tear film parameters were evaluated using strict methodology. Results: Each questionnaire, each section within a questionnaire, and each question within a section were evaluated. Of systemic symptom questionnaires, only Profile of Fatigue and Discomfort Questionnaire (PROFAD) differentiated between SDDE and non-SDDE (10.5 vs. 5.8, P = 0.003). Among four Sjogren's Foundation recommended review of systems questions, only dry mouth differentiated patients with SDDE from non-SDDE (90% vs. 53%, P = 0.004). No mental health or ocular symptom questionnaires were different between SDDE versus non-SDDE. Among clinician-measured ocular surface parameters, only corneal fluorescein (2.5 vs. 1.0, P = 0.006) and conjunctival lissamine green (2.0 vs. 1.0, P = 0.001) staining scores were significantly worse in patients with SDDE compared to non-SDDE. Conclusions: Ocular staining and dry mouth complaints were strongly associated with SDDE. Translational Relevance: Ocular surface vital dye staining and inquiring about dry mouth complaints can be helpful to determine whether Sjogren's laboratory work-up should be considered in patients presenting with dry eye disease.

Indexed as

Dry Eye SyndromesSjogren's SyndromeAdultAgedDiagnosis, DifferentialFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSurveys and QuestionnairesTears

Identifiers

PMID41569020
PMCPMC12849820

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.