ReviewFrontiers in oncology2025
Immunocytokines in cancer immunotherapy: opportunities and challenges.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advances in IL-15-Based Cancer Immunotherapy and Divergent Immunological Effects of IL-2 and IL-15 Signaling via the Shared IL-2Rβγ Receptor.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Advances in IL-2-based cancer immunotherapy and the synergistic role of stem-like CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The clinical use of cytokines is restricted by dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), short half-life, and rapid renal clearance, which collectively hinder administration at therapeutically effective doses. Cytokines fused to antibodies (antibody-cytokine fusion proteins, or immunocytokines) have emerged as a promising strategy to overcome these limitations by directing cytokine payloads to the tumor microenvironment, thereby enhancing antitumor immune responses while reducing off-target effects. Various antibody formats, including intact IgGs and IgG fragments, have been engineered to target tumor-associated cell-surface antigens or extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and fused to a wide range of cytokines. Preclinical studies consistently demonstrate enhanced antitumor efficacy and reduced systemic toxicity compared to unconjugated cytokines, with further synergistic effects observed when combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or immune checkpoint inhibitors. Recent advances include anti-PD-1-based immunocytokines that selectively deliver cytokines to intratumoral CD8
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.