ArticleFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2025
Industrializing CAR-T cell therapy: impact of automation on cost and space efficiency of manufacturing facilities.
Article in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biomaterial-Integrated Electroporation for Therapeutic Delivery: From Gene Editing to Tumor Ablation and Immune Modulation.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Guided immunotherapy for residual solid tumor: integrating platelets and CAR T cells to reduce post-surgical recurrence.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- A proposal of good manufacturing practices (GMP) laboratory for CAR T-cell therapy in Latin America and the Caribbean: challenges and opportunities.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- The future directions of CAR-T Cell therapy: unlocking the potential of immunotherapy in cancer treatment.Frontiers in molecular medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The A-Cell Case Study published by the "Alliance of Regenerative Medicine" illustrates how Quality-by Design can be applied to the manufacturing of Advanced Therapeutical Medicinal Products (ATMPs), using Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy as a 'model' process. However, no emphasis is given to different degrees of automation in this study. CAR-T cell therapies have been developed for various forms of leukemia, such as Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) or Non Hodgkin-Lymphoma (NHL). As more CAR-T cell therapies reach market approval and are being considered as first- or second line treatments, the economic efficiency and scalability of the chosen production modality become increasingly critical. Currently, academic and industrial manufacturers employ a range of approaches, from fully manual and open processing to closed and automated systems. New technologies, investments and cleanroom space requirements must be considered to assess economic and spatial efficiency in cell therapy manufacturing. This study analyses the costs and space requirements of different production modalities for autologous CAR-T cell production. The analysis shows that a higher degree of automation can reduce manufacturing costs by lowering personnel costs, cleanroom grade requirements and spatial footprint. It emphasizes the importance of maximizing cleanroom efficiency to support the scalable production of cell therapies as clinical demand grows. These results underscore the need for both industry and academia to consider automated production as a strategic approach to optimize resource use in CAR-T cell manufacturing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.