Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41567567›Full record

ArticleCase reports in plastic surgery & hand surgery2026

Cross-toe flap from great toe to second toe: a novel reconstructive approach for distal toe salvage.

Qi Xuan Lim, O-Wern Low, Elijah Cai, Chance Goh, Priya Tiwari, Janet Hung, Jing Tzer Lee, Yan Lin Yap, Jane Lim, Thiam Chye Lim and 1 more

Abstract readCase Reports
In one paragraph

Article in Case reports in plastic surgery & hand surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Qi Xuan LimDivision of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
O-Wern LowDivision of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
Elijah CaiDivision of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
Chance GohDivision of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
Priya TiwariDivision of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
Janet HungDivision of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
Jing Tzer LeeDivision of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
Yan Lin YapDivision of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
Jane LimDivision of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
Thiam Chye LimDivision of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
Vigneswaran NallathambyDivision of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cross-toe flaps are traditionally harvested from the second toe to reconstruct great toe defects. We present a novel approach using the great toe pulp to reconstruct a second toe dorsal defect, providing durable coverage while preserving toe length and aesthetics. A 19-year-old female sustained full-thickness soft tissue and extensor tendon loss over the right second toe following a road traffic accident. After initial debridement, definitive reconstruction was performed using a cross-toe flap from the lateral plantar pulp of the great toe. The flap was designed elliptically based on the plantar digital neurovascular bundle. A medial incision was made, and dissection proceeded to just above the periosteum, preserving a thin layer of soft tissue over bone. The flap was elevated laterally and dorsally to the extent required for a tension-free inset over the second toe defect. Flap division was performed ten weeks after the index reconstructive surgery. The flap demonstrated excellent perfusion post-inset and remained neurovascularly intact after division. The second toe was salvaged with good aesthetic and functional outcomes while avoiding disarticulation, and the great toe donor site healed without complication. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of a cross-toe flap harvested from the great toe for reconstruction of the second toe, providing a viable option for distal toe salvage in selected patients seeking optimal aesthetic and functional outcomes.

Indexed as

Cross-toe flapdistal toe salvagegreat toesecond toe

Identifiers

PMID41567567
PMCPMC12818300

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.