ArticleFrontiers in neurology2025
Early recurrence of febrile seizures during acute illness: risk factors and lack of association with long-term epilepsy in a Pediatric cohort.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immunological mechanisms and prevention strategies for febrile seizures in children.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Summary of Best Evidence for the Management and Recurrence Prevention of Febrile Seizures in Children.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Febrile seizures (FSs) are a common neurological manifestation in children, affecting 2%-5% of children worldwide. While acute-phase recurrences during the same febrile illness are frequent, their risk factors and implications for long-term epilepsy remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to identify independent risk factors for recurrent FSs (RFS) during the acute febrile phase and clarify their association with long-term epilepsy development. Materials and methods: This retrospective cohort study included 611 children (aged 6 months to 3 years) diagnosed with FSs at a tertiary pediatric hospital in Shanghai between April 2021 and March 2023. Clinical data on seizure recurrence patterns, demographic characteristics, and influenza A infection status were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for acute-phase RFS. Long-term outcomes, including subsequent seizure recurrence and epilepsy incidence, were compared between children with and without RFS using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, with differences assessed by the log-rank test. Results: The median time to recurrence was 6 h after the initial seizure, and 94.95% of recurrent events occurred within 24 h. Independent risk factors for acute-phase RFS were a prior history of FSs [odds ratio (OR) = 2.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.42-3.56] and positive influenza A infection (OR = 3.34, 95% CI:1.96-5.71). Among 99 children with RFS, 22.22% experienced further seizures and 2.02% developed epilepsy during a median follow-up of 39 months (interquartile range: 37-41). In the non-recurrent FS group ( Conclusion: Acute-phase FSs recurrence is common and typically occurs within 24 h, with prior FSs history and influenza A infection as key risk factors. However, early recurrence was not associated with increased long-term epilepsy risk. These findings support close monitoring of high-risk children during febrile illnesses while alleviating unnecessary concerns regarding future neurologic outcomes.
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