ArticleEndoscopy international open2026
Assessment of early gastric cancer visibility in deep-learning-based virtual indigo carmine chromoendoscopy (with video).
Article in Endoscopy international open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Artificial intelligence-based virtual iodine staining model for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a multicenter proof-of-concept study.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background and study aims: Indigo carmine chromoendoscopy (IC) enhances diagnosis of early gastric cancer (EGC), but its clinical application is limited by procedure complexity and time. We developed a deep-learning system using a cycle-consistent generative adversarial network (CycleGAN) to generate virtual IC images from white-light endoscopy (WLE) and evaluated visibility of EGC in video-based virtual IC in a pilot study. Patients and methods: We collected 4,096 endoscopic still images (2,089 WLE, 2,007 real IC) from 262 patients with gastric neoplasms. A CycleGAN model was trained to convert WLE into virtual IC images, and videos with 512 × 512 pixels at 30 frames per second were generated for five EGC cases. For each case, WLE, real IC, and virtual IC videos were prepared and evaluated by 16 endoscopists (6 experts, 10 non-experts). Visibility relative to WLE was rated using a 7-point Likert-type scale (-3 to +3), with positive values indicating improved visibility. Results: A total of 160 evaluations were performed. Median [IQR] visibility score was 1 [0-2)] for real IC and 0 [-1 to 1] for virtual IC ( Conclusions: Virtual IC improved visibility compared with WLE in nearly half the assessments, although its efficacy did not equal real IC. Optimizing performance for specific endoscope systems may enhance its clinical utility as a practical alternative for improving EGC detection.
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