Case Report: A rare pediatric case of hepatitis B virus infection with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis/Guillain-Barré syndrome spectrum diseases.

Yingxue Li, Dongxu Hu, Xing Shen, Xiaoyan Mao

Abstract readCase Reports

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Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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4 authors.

Yingxue LiDepartment of Pediatrics, Children Hematological Oncology and Birth Defects Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.

Dongxu HuSouthwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.

Xing ShenDepartment of Pediatrics, Children Hematological Oncology and Birth Defects Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.

Xiaoyan MaoDepartment of Pediatrics, Children Hematological Oncology and Birth Defects Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A 12-year-old girl with convulsions was incidentally found to be infected with hepatitis B virus(HBV), with HBVdeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and HBsAg positivity in the cerebrospinal fluid. The patient experienced frequent convulsions and consciousness disorders, and positive anti-GQ1b/anti-GD1b antibodies were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis(ADEM)/Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) spectrum disorders were observed on brain and spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging, indicating a high likelihood of HBV-related ADEM+/GBS spectrum disorders. After treatment with intravenous hormone, immunoglobulin, antiviral therapy using entecavir, and antiepileptic medication, the neurological damage completely resolved, the hepatitis B viral load decreased significantly, and liver function returned to normal. ADEM+/GBS spectrum diseases are immune-mediated disorders of the central nervous system that occur after viral infection. However, the potential relationship between hepatitis B virus infection and ADEM+/GBS spectrum diseases remains an area of ongoing investigation. In this case, the combination of hormones and intravenous immunoglobulin did not affect the anti-HBV effect of entecavir, and the patient fully recovered from the neurological damage within three months of disease onset. This case highlights hepatitis B-related neurological diseases and encourages further sharing of clinical experiences.

Indexed as

ADEM+/GBS spectrum diseasesconvulsionshepatitis B virusinfectious diseasesneurological damage

Identifiers

PMID41567423

DOI10.3389/fped.2025.1697707

PMCPMC12816207

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