Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41566768›Full record

ArticleBioinformatics (Oxford, England)2026

MethylModes: computationally efficient detection of multimodal distributions in DNA methylation data.

T Sophia Luo, Jonathon LeFaive, John Dou, Kelly M Bakulski, Erin B Ware, Matthew Zawistowski

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

T Sophia LuoDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.ORCID 0009-0002-5451-4827
Jonathon LeFaiveDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-3668-6086
John DouDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
Kelly M BakulskiDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-9605-6337
Erin B WareInstitute for Social Research, Survey Research Center at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, United States.
Matthew ZawistowskiDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.

Funding

HRS Yrs29-34: Y33 SSA CoFundingU01AG009740 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Jessica Faul, KENNETH M LANGA · 1990 to 2026
$555.8M
University of Michigan Training Program in Genomic ScienceT32HG000040 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Sebastian Zoellner · 1995 to 2026
$16.4M
NHGRI NIH HHS T32 HG000040NIA NIH HHS NIA U01AG009740NIA NIH HHS U01 AG009740NIH/National Human Genome Research Institute Genome Science Training Program T32HG000040University of Michigan
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

summaryMethylModes is an R package and Shiny application to identify multimodal distributions in human DNA methylation at individual CpG sites. Multimodal distributions, which can be the result of nearby genetic variation, environmental exposures, or assay artifacts, are susceptible to confounding and important to identify for methylation analysis. MethylModes is easily incorporated into existing quality control pipelines of array-based DNA methylation data. The underlying algorithm uses kernel smoothing of probe-level data to locate the number and location of peaks. The algorithm can be parallelized across probes for efficient implementation at genome-scale. We provide a case study implementation of MethylModes in the Health and Retirement Study as well as the Airwave Health Monitoring Study. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: MethylModes is available on GitHub at https://github.com/lutiffan/methylModes as an R package wrapping an R Shiny application. We include a toy dataset to validate installation. The codebase is also published on Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17448517.

Indexed as

Computational BiologyDNA MethylationSoftwareAlgorithmsCpG IslandsHumans

Identifiers

PMID41566768
PMCPMC12883086

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.