Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41566468›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2026

Relationship of women's breast nodules with lifestyle, mental health and metabolic characteristics: a large, retrospective, longitudinal cohort study.

Hui Li, Ying Li, Yinglong Duan, Ning Qin, Gang Gan, Min Liu, Xue He, Pinting Yang, Yan Wang, Yuanming Xiao and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Hui Li *Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5362-7155
Ying Li *Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Yinglong DuanNursing Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tong Zi Po Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
Ning QinXiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Gang GanNursing Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tong Zi Po Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
Min LiuNursing Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tong Zi Po Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
Xue HeHealth Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Pinting YangHealth Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Yan WangHealth Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Yuanming XiaoHealth Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Jianfei XieNursing Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tong Zi Po Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China. xiejianfei@csu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3673-6012
Andy Sk ChengDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.

Funding

Wisdom Accumulation and Talent Cultivation Project of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University BJ202205
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPrevious studies specific to breast nodules are relatively scarce and mainly rely on cross-sectional research methods, overlooking the dynamic evolution of breast nodules over time. Thus, the objective is to analyze the impact of lifestyle, mental health, and metabolic characteristics on the occurrence and progression of breast nodules by conducting a longitudinal study.

methodsThis retrospective, longitudinal cohort study conducted from 2012 to 2021 included 114,774 measurements from the Health Management Center at the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University in China. All data were collected from the results of anthropometric measurements, laboratory tests, breast ultrasound and online questionnaire surveys. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) models were developed to examine the relationship.

resultsWomen who always ate punctual meals or consumed soy products ≥ 5 times per week had lower odds of breast nodule occurrence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.798, 95% CI 0.761-0.836, p < 0.001; aOR 0.791, 95% CI 0.689-0.908, p = 0.001). In contrast, women who had socializing meals of ≥ 3 times per week had higher odds of breast nodule occurrence (aOR 1.315, 95% CI 1.124-1.538, p = 0.001). Higher serum creatinine and lower serum uric acid were also associated with increased risk of breast nodule occurrence (aOR 1.001, 95% CI 1.000-1.001, p = 0.012; aOR 0.999, 95% CI 0.999-1.000, p < 0.001). Women with fair sleep quality had higher breast nodule occurrence (aOR 1.074, 95% CI 1.027-1.122, p = 0.002) but a lower risk of progression to BI-RADS ≥ 4 A (aOR 0.760, 95% CI 0.607-0.952, p = 0.017).

conclusionsOur study revealed significant correlations between breast nodules and various lifestyle factors and metabolic characteristics, but the correlations between breast nodules and mental health were not found. These findings may provide insights into potential factors related to breast nodules and guide future research on their prevention and management.

Indexed as

Breast NeoplasmsLife StyleMental HealthAdultChinaFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesBreast nodulesLifestyleMetabolic characteristics

Identifiers

PMID41566468
PMCPMC12908319

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.