Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41566351›Full record

ArticleSystematic reviews2026

Clients' satisfaction with HIV differentiated service delivery models and associated factors in sub-Saharan Africa: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Patrick Kaonga, Adam Silumbwe, Isaac Fwemba, Tanyaradzwa Mabwe, Alice Ngoma-Hazemba

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Systematic reviews, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Patrick KaongaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia. patrickkaonga@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0003-0461-8361
Adam SilumbweDepartment of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia.
Isaac FwembaDepartment of Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia.
Tanyaradzwa MabweDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia.
Alice Ngoma-HazembaDepartment of Community and Family Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDifferentiated Service Delivery (DSD) models for HIV are antiretroviral therapy (ART) mechanisms for stable people living with HIV (PLHIV) and are meant to be patient-centered to achieve treatment goals. One key element to achieve treatment goals is clients' satisfaction with DSD models. Despite extensive implementation and scale-up of DSD models in sub-Saharan Africa, satisfaction levels remain unclear. Thus far, no comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis regarding clients' satisfaction level with DSD models and associated factors has been published. Therefore, we aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis (1) to establish the level of clients' satisfaction with DSD models, (2) to determine which specific DSD models clients are most likely to be satisfied with, and (3) to identify factors associated with clients' satisfaction with DSD models.

methodsAll eligible studies reporting empirical evidence will be identified using a predetermined search strategy in several electronic databases such as EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and ProQuest. Observational studies that have been conducted in sub-Saharan African countries regardless of the year of publication will be included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. We will conduct this review and meta-analysis according to the guidelines by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA). A random effects model will be used to conduct the meta-analysis using Stata 19.5 software. Heterogeneity will be assessed by using Cochran's Q test and the I DISCUSSION: To the best of our knowledge, this review and meta-analysis will be the first to be conducted in the sub-Saharan Africa region to synthesize empirical evidence regarding clients' satisfaction with DSD models and associated factors, as well as identify common DSD models most clients are likely to be satisfied with. Collection of existing evidence will improve and guide implementation, scale-up, and adoption of different DSD models. Such knowledge can inform program managers and implementers which DSD models are likely to result in desired HIV treatment outcomes. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD420251085833.

Indexed as

Delivery of Health CareHIV InfectionsPatient SatisfactionAfrica South of the SaharaHumansMeta-Analysis as TopicResearch DesignSub-Saharan African PeopleSystematic Reviews as TopicDifferentiated service deliveryHuman immunodeficiency virusSatisfactionSub-Saharan AfricaTreatment

Identifiers

PMID41566351
PMCPMC12905852

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.