ArticlePharmaceutical research2026
Enhanced Solubilization of Ketoprofen Using Triton X-100, Triton X-165, Brij C10, and Their Binary and Ternary Mixed Micelle Systems.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis study investigates the thermodynamic behaviour and solubilization efficiency of micellar systems composed of Triton X-100, Triton X-165, and Brij C10, individually and in mixtures, using ketoprofen as a poorly water-soluble model drug (BCS class II). The aim was to clarify the relationship between micellar stability, molecular interactions, and drug solubilization.
methodsCritical micelle concentrations (cmc) were determined by fluorescence spectroscopy with pyrene as a probe. Non-ideality of mixed micelles was analysed by Rubingh's model, Regular Solution Theory, and the Margules function. Thermodynamic parameters (g
resultsBrij C10 exhibited the lowest cmc, reflecting strong hydrophobic contributions. Binary systems containing Brij C10 with Triton X-100 or X-165 showed pronounced synergism, indicated by negative β and gᴱ values. Triton-only systems behaved nearly ideally. Brij C10 alone provided the highest MSR, while binary Triton-Brij mixtures displayed partial antagonism in ΔMSR despite favourable thermodynamic stabilization. The ternary system was thermodynamically stable but less effective for ketoprofen solubilization due to packing constraints.
conclusionsMicellar stability and solubilization efficiency are not always correlated. Brij-rich micelles showed superior ketoprofen solubilization, whereas overly stabilized ternary systems limited drug loading. These findings highlight the need to balance stability and flexibility when designing micellar carriers for hydrophobic BCS class II drugs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41565935What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.