ArticleScientific reports2026
Towards standardisation of zinc slag as a sustainable fine aggregate substitute in concrete.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the construction industry, a huge demand for alternative construction materials has driven interest in industrial by-products as substitutes for natural aggregates. The present study evaluates zinc slag (ZS) as a partial to full replacement for natural sand in normal and high strength concrete. Zinc slag was characterised for physical, chemical, particle size distribution, density, water absorption, hazardous element content and leaching potential. Furthermore, comprehensive experimental evaluation of fresh properties, compressive strength, dry shrinkage and carbonation resistance was conducted for concrete mixes with 0-100% ZS replacement of fine aggregates in accordance with relevant standards. The results demonstrated that zinc slag exhibits favourable properties with reduced water demand of 9 to 16 kg/m3. Compressive strength increased by up to 8% (from 31.2 MPa reference normal strength concrete) and 6% (from 52.4 MPa reference high strength concrete) at 28 days across 0-100% ZS replacement levels. Dry shrinkage found to be less than − 600 µɛ for all ZS replacement irrespective of concrete grade and in the range of control mixes. Carbonation depth and air content remained within acceptable limits, and alkali silica reactivity was negligible. These findings indicate that zinc slag can be a sustainable and effective alternative to fine aggregate in wide range of applications in the construction industry. The study contributes critical data needed for the potential inclusion of ZS as a fine aggregate in the upcoming revision of construction material standards.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.