Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41565632›Full record

ArticleLight, science & applications2026

Soft X-ray imaging with coherence tomography in the water window spectral range using high-harmonic generation.

Julius Reinhard, Felix Wiesner, Martin Hennecke, Themistoklis Sidiropoulos, Sophia Kaleta, Julian Späthe, Johann Jakob Abel, Martin Wünsche, Gabriele Schmidl, Jonathan Plentz and 8 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Light, science & applications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Ultrafast Spectroscopy with anACS physical chemistry Au · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Julius Reinhard *Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany. julius.reinhard@uni-jena.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5761-4340
Felix Wiesner *Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
Martin HenneckeMax-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0826-6471
Themistoklis SidiropoulosMax-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3305-3750
Sophia KaletaInstitute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
Julian SpätheInstitute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-6593-4916
Johann Jakob AbelInstitute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
Martin WünscheInstitute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
Gabriele SchmidlLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Jena, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0738-1515
Jonathan PlentzLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Jena, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1176-0710
Uwe HübnerLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Jena, Germany.
Katharina FreibergOtto Schott Institute of Materials Research Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
Jonathan ApellOtto Schott Institute of Materials Research Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6038-3005
Stephanie LippmannInstitute of Applied Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
Matthias SchnürerMax-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Berlin, Germany.
Stefan EisebittMax-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7608-5061
Gerhard G PaulusInstitute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
Silvio FuchsInstitute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany. silvio.fuchs@hs-mittweida.de.

Funding

Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research) VIP X-CoherenTDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) 381425468Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) 465215929EC | European Regional Development Fund (Europski Fond za Regionalni Razvoj) NanoMovie
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

High-harmonic generation (HHG) is used as a source for various imaging applications in the extreme ultraviolet spectral range. It offers spatially coherent radiation and unique elemental contrast with the potential for attosecond time resolution. The unfavorable efficiency scaling to higher photon energies prevented the imaging application in the soft X-ray range so far. In this work we demonstrate the feasibility of using harmonics for imaging in the water window spectral region (284 eV to 532 eV). We achieve nondestructive depth profile imaging in a heterostructure by utilizing a broadband and noise-resistant technique called soft X-ray Coherence Tomography (SXCT) at a high-flux lab-scale HHG source. SXCT is derived from Optical Coherence Tomography, a Fourier based technique that can use the full bandwidth of the source to reach an axial resolution of 12 nm in this demonstration. The employed source covers the entire water window, with a photon flux exceeding 10

Identifiers

PMID41565632
PMCPMC12824213

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.