Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41564868›Full record

ArticleCell reports. Medicine2026

Targeting severe acidity for tumor-activatable Interleukin-2 therapy.

Qiang Feng, Raymundo Pantoja, Jacqueline G Lopez, Wei Li, Zhichen Sun, Quan Wang, Shuyue Ye, Vijay S Basava, Gang Huang, Katy Torres and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports. Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Qiang FengDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. Electronic address: qiang.feng@utsouthwestern.edu.
Raymundo PantojaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Jacqueline G LopezSimmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Wei LiSimmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Zhichen SunSimmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Quan WangSimmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Shuyue YeSimmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Vijay S BasavaSimmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Gang HuangSimmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Katy TorresSimmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Mingyi ChenDepartment of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Tao YueDepartment of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Baran D SumerDepartment of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Jinming GaoDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. Electronic address: jinming.gao@utsouthwestern.edu.

Funding

Project 3U54CA244719 · NCI · UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER · PI GAO, JINMING · 2019 to 2019
$5.2M
Tumor-activatable Interleukin-2 Superkine Nanoparticle TherapyR01CA289258 · NCI · UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER · PI Jinming Gao, Gang Huang · 2024 to 2026
$1.2M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA289258NCI NIH HHS U54 CA244719
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a cytokine with curative potential in cancer immunotherapy, but its clinical use is limited by a narrow therapeutic window. Traditional strategies such as polarizing receptor binding or fusing IL-2 with Fc (IL-2-Fc) improve pharmacokinetics and immune selectivity, but systemic toxicity remains a key challenge, while covalent prodrug designs may compromise potency and restrict applicability. Here, we present a non-covalent approach using clinically validated ultra pH-sensitive (UPS) polymers to enable tumor-specific IL-2 activation. The UPS

Indexed as

Interleukin-2NeoplasmsAnimalsCell Line, TumorFemaleHumansHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationImmunotherapyInterferon-gammaMiceNanoparticlesInterferon-gammaInterleukin-2cancer immunotherapycytokine therapyimmune engineeringimmune-related toxicityinterleukin-2pH-sensitive nanoparticle

Identifiers

PMID41564868
PMCPMC12866125

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.