Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41564829›Full record

ArticleSeminars in arthritis and rheumatism2026

Fronto-cerebellar features associate with cognitive dysfunction in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus.

Hanne Van der Heijden, Gabrielle Alonzi, Amanda Cao, Raquel van Gool, Merve Koç Yekedüz, Lise Vrolix, Itamar Ronen, Vanessa Rameh, Kyle McBrearty, Aditi Deokar and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Hanne Van der HeijdenDepartment of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.
Gabrielle AlonziDivision of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Amanda CaoDepartment of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.
Raquel van GoolDepartment of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.
Merve Koç YekedüzDepartment of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA; Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye.
Lise VrolixDepartment of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.
Itamar RonenClinical Imaging Science Center, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
Vanessa RamehDivision of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.
Kyle McBreartyDivision of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Aditi DeokarDivision of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Robert P SundelDivision of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Eyal MuscalDepartment of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
Joseph Gonzalez-HeydrichDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Early Psychosis Investigation Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Andrea KnightDivision of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Neurosciences and Mental Health, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Joyce C ChangDivision of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: joyce.chang@childrens.harvard.edu.
Jaymin UpadhyayDepartment of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA; Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA USA. Electronic address: jaymin.upadhyay@childrens.harvard.edu.

Funding

Acquisition of a Siemens 3T MRI for Research ImagingS10OD025111 · OD · BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL · PI WARFIELD, SIMON K · 2018 to 2018
$2.0M
Biobehavioral Basis and Outcomes of Cognitive Dysfunction in Childhood-Systemic Lupus ErythematosusR21AR083599 · NIAMS · BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL · PI CHANG, JOYCE CHUN-LING, UPADHYAY, JAYMIN A · 2024 to 2025
$424k
NIAMS NIH HHS R21 AR083599NIH HHS S10 OD025111
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveCognitive dysfunction (CD) is a prevalent symptom in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE). This study aimed to investigate the neurobehavioral basis of CD in cSLE.

methodsPatients with cSLE (N=20) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs, N=20) completed questionnaires and multiple neurocognitive tests. The Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 and laboratory markers were used to monitor patients' clinical status. Neuroimaging assessments included functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and structural MRI.

resultscSLE patients demonstrated moderate disease activity with high inflammation and immune dysregulation, alongside low medication adherence. Relative to HCs, cSLE patients showed worse cognitive functioning, higher emotional distress and more physical symptoms. fNIRS revealed higher prefrontal cortex activity in cSLE vs. HCs during the color-word Stroop task, suggesting impaired cognitive flexibility. fMRI performed during the N-back working memory task revealed altered frontal cortex and cerebellum activity, while modulations in resting-state fronto-cerebellar connectivity in the cSLE cohort were observed. Patients with cSLE were characterized by reduced gray matter morphological properties in frontal cortex and cerebellar subdivisions (e.g., crus II) alongside altered white matter structural connectivity among these cognitive processing hubs. K-means clustering analysis delineated three subgroups within the cSLE cohort based on neuroimaging profiles, where subgroups varied based on cognitive and emotional health.

conclusionThis study provides evidence of fronto-cerebellar abnormalities and their associations with CD in cSLE. This investigation underscores the need for multidisciplinary research efforts to further elucidate the neurobiological underpinnings of CD in cSLE.

Indexed as

CerebellumCognitive DysfunctionFrontal LobeLupus Erythematosus, SystemicAdolescentChildFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleNeuropsychological TestsSpectroscopy, Near-InfraredCerebellumChildhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosusCognitive DysfunctionfNIRSFrontal CortexNeuroimaging

Identifiers

PMID41564829
PMCPMC12834575

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.