Trial reportEuropean archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry2026
Comparative evaluation of the effects of 3D-printed camouflaged caterpillar, camouflaged alligator and conventional syringes on anxiety and behaviour in children.
Trial report in European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the effects of custom-made camouflaged caterpillar, camouflaged alligator and conventional syringes on anxiety and behaviour in children during local anaesthesia administration.
methodsThis was a randomised controlled study in which 150 children aged between 7 and 9 years were randomly assigned to receive local anaesthesia using a custom-made camouflaged caterpillar, a camouflaged alligator or a conventional syringe. A pulse oximeter was used to measure pulse rate. Children were scored using the Venham's Clinical Anxiety Scale (VCAS) and the Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale. Data were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA, one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) post-hoc test, and chi-square tests. After the treatment, the child was asked to fill out the Venham's Picture Test (VPT). In addition, parents were asked to fill out the Parental Emotional Stress Questionnaire (PESQ) and recall questionnaire.
resultsThe mean increase in the pulse rate was lowest in the custom-made caterpillar camouflaged syringe group, with a statistically significant difference. The mean scores of VCAS (0.66 ± 0.69), FLACC (1.38 ± 1.05), and VPT (0.62 ± 0.75) were lowest in the custom-made caterpillar camouflaged syringe group, which signified better behaviour of a child than the other two groups. The parental emotional stress quotient in the custom-made caterpillar camouflaged group revealed satisfactory outcomes with the procedure.
conclusionCustom-made caterpillar camouflaged syringes for local anaesthesia effectively decreased the anxiety of children.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41563690What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.