ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2026
"I Double Checked It with My Own Knowledge:" Physician Perspectives on the Use of AI Chatbots for Clinical Decision-Making.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Randomized Controlled Trial of Large Language Model-Assisted Diagnostic Accuracy in Nephrology.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- Shadow AI in Swedish Health Care: Qualitative Analysis of Physicians' Free-Text Answers.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- A typology of physician input approaches to using AI chatbots for clinical decision-making.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAI chatbots are proliferating in healthcare systems. It is essential to explore how physicians use these tools in order to understand their influence on clinical care and outcomes. Our goal was to understand how physicians conceive of and incorporate AI into clinical decision-making.
methodsWe conducted semistructured interviews with generalist physicians from inpatient and outpatient settings in the USA. Prior to the interview, participants were asked to use an AI chatbot, ChatGPT-4, to complete three mock clinical cases. Physicians were interviewed regarding their perspectives on the AI chatbot. Interviews were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis and conducted via video conference meeting, where they were recorded and transcribed.
resultsWe interviewed 22 physicians with 2-32 years of experience (median = 3 years). We identified a central organizing concept of "physician as filter" defining how physicians used the AI chatbot. This idea was composed of four themes. Theme 1: Physicians perceive clinical decision-making as a problem-solving activity, applying internally held knowledge to externally gathered information. Theme 2: AI chatbot systems are part of a continuum of information resources. Theme 3: Trust in the AI chatbot's outputs depends on the user's own clinical knowledge. Theme 4: Clinical decision-making is understood as the personalization of clinical knowledge and context.
conclusionsAI chatbots may help physicians with formulating a clinical problem and generating a hypothesis by expanding their repertoire of possible cases. Despite the "wealth of information" provided by AI chatbots, physician trust in the outputs is limited, especially when AI chatbots do not provide references. Physician users described filtering chatbot outputs, using their own clinical knowledge and experience, to determine what information is relevant. In describing how providers perceive AI chatbots, we hope to guide further investigation of physician AI interaction and chatbot development that facilitates improved clinical reasoning.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.