Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41563440›Full record

ArticleEuropean biophysics journal : EBJ2026

Simulation of intracellular delivery through permeabilized multivesicular vesicles.

Shah Sajnin Anna, Shahariar Emon, Md Asaduzzaman, Shovon Saha, Md Atikur Rahman, Mohammad Abu Sayem Karal, Md Lokman Hossen, Samiron Kumar Saha, Hiromitsu Takaba, Md Akhtaruzzaman and 1 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in European biophysics journal : EBJ, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Shah Sajnin AnnaDeparment of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Barishal, Barishal, 8200, Bangladesh.
Shahariar EmonDeparment of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Barishal, Barishal, 8200, Bangladesh.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-8322-8239
Md AsaduzzamanDeparment of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Barishal, Barishal, 8200, Bangladesh.
Shovon SahaDeparment of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Barishal, Barishal, 8200, Bangladesh.
Md Atikur RahmanDeparment of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Barishal, Barishal, 8200, Bangladesh.
Mohammad Abu Sayem KaralDeparment of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5288-2357
Md Lokman HossenDeparment of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Barishal, Barishal, 8200, Bangladesh.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6059-3501
Samiron Kumar SahaDeparment of Physics, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna, 6600, Pabna, Bangladesh.
Hiromitsu TakabaDepartment of Environmental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1622-5485
Md AkhtaruzzamanDept. of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Islamic University of Madinah, Al-Madinah Al Munawwarah, Abo Bakr Al Siddiq, AlJamiah, 42351, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7891-6321
Md Khorshed AlamDeparment of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Barishal, Barishal, 8200, Bangladesh. dmkalam@bu.ac.bd.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3925-4900

Funding

Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh 39.00.0000.009.99.023.23.363
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cell permeabilization techniques are widely used to enable intracellular delivery of therapeutic molecules. Although these methods show promise for drug delivery and gene therapy, controlling and quantifying molecular transport at the nanoscale remains a significant challenge due to the structural complexity of mammalian cells. Multivesicular vesicles (MVVs), consisting of a large outer vesicle encapsulating multiple smaller vesicles, offer a simplified biomimetic platform that captures key aspects of cellular compartmentalization of mammalian cells. In this study, we employed finite element method (FEM)-based simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics to investigate passive molecular transport through permeabilized MVVs. The model incorporated biologically relevant pore sizes and three commonly used fluorescent probes of increasing molecular size: Calcein, Texas-red dextran 3000 (TRD-3k), and TRD-10k. The results reveal size-dependent accumulation kinetics. Additionally, transport efficiency was enhanced with increased pore diameter, indicating that both molecular and structural parameters influence delivery outcomes. Importantly, the simulations demonstrate that compartmentalized vesicle structures cause transport to vary across space and time. The model successfully matches experimental results seen in permeabilized vesicles and expands them to more complex nested vesicle systems. These findings highlight the role of vesicle architecture in shaping transport outcomes and provide a computational framework for exploring compartmentalization effects relevant to intracellular delivery strategies.

Indexed as

Cell Membrane PermeabilityIntracellular SpaceModels, BiologicalBiological TransportFinite Element AnalysisFluoresceinsPermeabilityFluoresceinsfluorexonCell permeabilizationFinite element methodIntracellular deliveryMultivesicular vesicles

Identifiers

PMID41563440

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.