ReviewAntibodies (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Oral Immunotherapy-Induced Changes in IgE, IgG, and IgA: A Review of Antibody Isotype Shifts and Their Clinical Relevance in Food Allergy.
Review in Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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8 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundFood allergy is a growing public health concern, and oral immunotherapy (OIT) has emerged as a promising approach to induce desensitization and potentially sustained unresponsiveness to allergenic foods. Changes in humoral immunity, particularly in allergen-specific immunoglobulin levels, play a central role in the immunological mechanisms underlying OIT. This review aims to summarize the current evidence on how OIT modulates allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), G (IgG) and A (IgA) responses in individuals with food allergy.
methodsWe conducted a review of original research articles reporting longitudinal data on allergen-specific IgE, IgG, and/or IgA in patients undergoing OIT for common food allergens.
resultsOIT was consistently associated with a transient increase in allergen-specific IgE levels during early phases, followed by a gradual decline. In contrast, Allergen-specific IgG4 levels showed a robust and sustained increase, correlating with desensitization and proposed to function as blocking antibodies. Several studies also reported an increase in allergen-specific IgA, particularly secretory IgA at mucosal sites, suggesting a potential role in enhancing mucosal tolerance and immune exclusion of allergens.
conclusionsHumoral immune responses during OIT are characterized by distinct and dynamic changes in immunoglobulin patterns. In particular, the rise in IgG4 and, in some cases, IgA suggests a role in promoting tolerance. Monitoring these biomarkers may offer insights into treatment efficacy and support individualized approaches to OIT.
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