ReviewAntimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE2026
What should infectious diseases clinicians know about pharmacy benefit managers and their impact on our patients?
Review in Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pharmacy Benefit Managers (PBMs) are contracted by health plans, employers, and government programs to manage pharmacy and prescription drug benefits. They maintain drug formularies, process and pay pharmacy claims, establish and manage pharmacy networks, and negotiate prices with manufacturers and pharmacies. Despite PBMs' role in cost management, their lack of transparency and complex administrative processes can delay treatment and increase out-of-pocket costs, affecting vulnerable populations like those in pharmacy deserts. These factors influence healthcare delivery for persons living with human immunodeficiency virus, Hepatitis C Virus, and other conditions. Herein, we describe PBM practices and their impacts on infectious diseases patients and highlight mitigation strategies to facilitate timely and equitable medication access.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.