Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41561563›Full record

ArticleBMJ public health2026

An AI-enhanced NHS will rely on clinical guidelines, but what if the evidence is inequitable?

Alice Witt, Rachel Hulme, Owen Wilkinson, Robyn Norton, Kate Womersley

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Alice WittThe George Institute for Global Health UK, London, England, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6282-6276
Rachel HulmeThe George Institute for Global Health UK, London, England, UK.
Owen WilkinsonImperial College London, London, England, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3159-7167
Robyn NortonThe George Institute for Global Health UK, London, England, UK.
Kate WomersleyThe George Institute for Global Health UK, London, England, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The UK's new 10-Year Health Plan for England sets out an ambitious agenda for an increasingly digitised and data-driven healthcare system, where artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to play a major role in realising long-term aims to deliver personalised medicine for all. A recent study highlighted poor consideration of sex and gender in National Institute for Health and Care Excellence clinical guidelines, which will be used to train AI models used by the NHS. When AI models are trained on inequitable data, they risk amplifying bias, with harmful implications for patient safety.

Indexed as

Digital TechnologyFemalePatient HarmPublic HealthSociodemographic Factors

Identifiers

PMID41561563
PMCPMC12815137

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.