Effects of combined prenatal exposure to air pollution and maternal stress on immune and dopaminergic gene expression in the gut-brain axis.

Elise M Martin, Matthew J Morales, Niki Y Li, Maura C Stoehr, Matthew J Kern, Madeline F Winters, Caroline J Smith

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Brain, behavior, & immunity - health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Elise M MartinDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.

Matthew J MoralesDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.

Niki Y LiDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.

Maura C StoehrDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.

Matthew J KernDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.

Madeline F WintersDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.

Caroline J SmithDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Air pollution and maternal stress during pregnancy are both risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders and often converge on the same communities. Epidemiological and animal studies suggest that maternal psychosocial stress may worsen the effects of air pollutants on neurodevelopmental outcomes. Previous work utilizing a mouse model of combined prenatal exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) and maternal stress (MS) has found numerous sex-specific effects of DEP/MS exposure on neuroimmune outcomes, dopamine receptors, the gut-brain axis, and social behavior. However, it is unclear how broadly the immune landscape is shifted in the brain and intestinal epithelium following DEP/MS. Here, we analyzed immune gene expression in 5 brain regions important for social behavior and in 3 regions of the intestinal epithelium in both male and female offspring at ∼postnatal day 50, following either DEP/MS or control exposure. We found several interesting overall patterns. First, changes in expression of immune genes such as

Indexed as

Air pollutionDopamineGut-brain axisImmuneMaternal stressMicrobiomeNucleus accumbens

Identifiers

PMID41561480

DOI10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101165

PMCPMC12813338

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.