Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41561444›Full record

ArticleBioMed research international2026

Anatomical Investigation of the Gluteus Medius Muscle Innervation and Its Topographical Correspondence With Myofascial Trigger Points.

Roberto Procópio Pinheiro, Daniela Andrea Medina Macaya, Ana Maria Itezerote, Samir Omar Saleh, Flávio Hojaij, Mauro Andrade, Alfredo Luiz Jacomo, Flavia Emi Akamatsu Jacomo

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BioMed research international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Roberto Procópio PinheiroDepartment of Surgery, Laboratory of Medical Research, Division of Human Structural Topography, Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, usp.br.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8875-0946
Daniela Andrea Medina MacayaDepartment of Surgery, Laboratory of Medical Research, Division of Human Structural Topography, Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, usp.br.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4241-7230
Ana Maria ItezeroteDepartment of Surgery, Laboratory of Medical Research, Division of Human Structural Topography, Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, usp.br.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7572-0788
Samir Omar SalehDepartment of Surgery, Laboratory of Medical Research, Division of Human Structural Topography, Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, usp.br.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3934-3110
Flávio HojaijDepartment of Surgery, Laboratory of Medical Research, Division of Human Structural Topography, Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, usp.br.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6015-3592
Mauro AndradeDepartment of Surgery, Laboratory of Medical Research, Division of Human Structural Topography, Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, usp.br.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9907-3768
Alfredo Luiz JacomoDepartment of Surgery, Laboratory of Medical Research, Division of Human Structural Topography, Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, usp.br.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9546-3873
Flavia Emi Akamatsu JacomoDepartment of Surgery, Laboratory of Medical Research, Division of Human Structural Topography, Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, usp.br.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1088-0075

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background and Purpose: Hip pain, a common complaint among adults that often causes functional disability, can be caused by femoroacetabular impingement, labral injuries, stress fractures of the femoral neck, avascular necrosis of the femoral head, osteoarthritis of the femoroacetabular joint, hip fractures, greater trochanteric pain syndrome, pathology of the lumbar spine and sacroiliac joint, and myofascial pain syndrome (MPS). MPS is characterized by the presence of hyperirritable nodules, known as myofascial trigger points (MTPs), within muscles and fascia. MTPs limit the range of motion of the joints. Moreover, they induce a local contraction response triggered by mechanical stimulation. The stimulation of MTPs induces pain and sensory changes that can be localized or referred. The MTPs present in the gluteus medius muscle play a role in inducing patellofemoral pain, pain in the lower limbs, anterior region of the knee and thigh, and lower back; however, the anatomy of MTPs remains to be elucidated. This study is aimed at relating the entry points of the superior gluteal nerve into the gluteus medius muscle with the MTPs described in the literature via anatomical dissection. Method: Twenty gluteus medius muscles of 10 adult cadavers were divided into four areas: posterosuperior, posteroinferior, anterosuperior, and anteroinferior. The distribution of the nerve branches was classified according to these predetermined areas. Statistical analyses were performed using Poisson distribution and logarithmic link function, followed by Bonferroni multiple comparisons ( Results: All areas of the gluteus medius were innervated by the branches of the superior gluteal nerve. A significantly greater number of nerve entry points was observed in Areas II and IV (posterosuperior and anteroinferior, respectively). Conclusion: The areas of penetration of the superior gluteal nerve correspond to the clinically described MTPs.

Indexed as

Muscle, SkeletalMyofascial Pain SyndromesTrigger PointsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overButtocksCadaverFemaleHip JointHumansMaleMiddle Agedanatomygluteus medius musclemyofascialnervestrigger points

Identifiers

PMID41561444
PMCPMC12812865

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.