ArticleNeuroscience of consciousness2026
Replicating the unconscious working memory effect: a multisite Registered Report.
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Article in Neuroscience of consciousness, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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49 authors.
Alicia Franco-MartínezDepartamento de Psicología Básica, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C. Iván Pavlov, 6, 28049, Madrid, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9710-1240
Ricardo Rey-SáezDepartamento de Psicología Básica, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C. Iván Pavlov, 6, 28049, Madrid, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6739-2035
Jesús Adrián-VenturaDepartment of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0912-5139
Pietro AmerioCenter for Research in Cognition & Neurosciences (CRCN), ULB Institute of Neuroscience (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6624-0137
Ana BacieroDepartamento de Psicología Experimental, Procesos Psicológicos y Logopedia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6347-8111
Amine BennisCenter for Research in Cognition & Neurosciences (CRCN), ULB Institute of Neuroscience (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0980-6905
Fredrik BergströmCINEICC, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5129-6927
Axel CleeremansCenter for Research in Cognition & Neurosciences (CRCN), ULB Institute of Neuroscience (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9757-5235
Laura ContuSchool of Psychological Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4792-1678
Roberto Dell'AcquaUniversity of Padua, Department of Developmental and Social Psychology and Padova Neuroscience Center, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3393-1907
Xinping DengShien-Ming Wu School of Intelligent Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511442, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8084-7476
Fatma Nur DoluKonya Food and Agriculture University, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, Department of Psychology, Konya, Türkiye.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8665-2701
Filippo GambarotaUniversity of Padua, Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6666-1747
Yi GaoSchool of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0156-5527
Francisco Garre-FrutosDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9810-186X
Anna GrubertDepartment of Psychology, Durham University, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3601-7317
Ana HernandoDepartment of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3793-669X
José A HinojosaDepartamento de Psicología Experimental, Procesos Psicológicos y Logopedia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7482-9503
Asaf HoorySchool of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
ZhiKun HouState Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Department of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6645-2792
Shao-Min HungWaseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8908-1497
Aine ItoDepartment of English, Linguistics and Theatre Studies, National University of Singapore, Singapore.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4408-8801
Mikel JimenezDepartamento de Psicología Básica I, UNED, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2006-6782
Alexandra I KosachenkoLaboratory of Neurotechnology, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B N Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, Russia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8896-3837
Merve KulaksızKonya Food and Agriculture University, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, Department of Psychology, Konya, Türkiye.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8741-1033
Daryl Y H LeeDivision of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7406-1349
Elmas Merve MalasKonya Food and Agriculture University, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, Department of Psychology, Konya, Türkiye.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5148-6085
Simone MalejkaDepartment of Psychology, University of Cologne, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7012-627X
Pedro R MontoroDepartamento de Psicología Básica I, UNED, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5665-8587
Liad MudrikSchool of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3564-6445
Yuri G PavlovUniversity of Tuebingen, Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3896-5145
Gabriele PesimenaSchool of Psychological Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6457-2532
Antonio PrietoDepartamento de Psicología Básica I, UNED, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3394-5962
Dobromir RahnevSchool of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5265-2559
Lais RingenbergCINEICC, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0354-9319
Alejandro Sandoval-LentiscoDepartamento de Psicología Básica, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C. Iván Pavlov, 6, 28049, Madrid, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7876-0101
Akira SarodoFaculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6197-6291
Maor SchreiberSchool of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5731-6748
Paola SessaUniversity of Padua, Department of Developmental and Social Psychology and Padova Neuroscience Center, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8748-2633
Pablo SolanaDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3088-3548
Dmitrii A TarasovLaboratory of Neurotechnology, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B N Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, Russia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7490-7439
Miriam TortajadaDepartamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Universidad de Murcia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3871-8283
Kai XueSchool of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0919-9231
Ziqian XueSchool of Automation Science and Engineering,Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511442, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2376-4615
Yunxuan ZhengSchool of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2462-7057
Merve ÇiniciKonya Food and Agriculture University, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, Department of Psychology, Konya, Türkiye.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0166-6029
David R ShanksDivision of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4600-6323
David SotoBasque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Paseo Mikeletegi 69, 2° 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0205-7513
Miguel A VadilloDepartamento de Psicología Básica, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C. Iván Pavlov, 6, 28049, Madrid, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8421-816X
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although in recent years some studies have found evidence suggesting that working memory (WM) may operate on unconscious perceptual contents, decisive demonstrations of the existence of unconscious WM are lacking. In the present Registered Report, we replicate the first study on this topic by Soto et al. (Working memory without consciousness.
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multisiteperceptual awarenessRegistered Reportreplicationunconsciousworking memory
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