Preventable Pulmonary Sequelae of Measles: A Case Report of an Adult Patient With Cystic Bronchiectasis.

Bronchiectasis is a chronic structural lung disease characterized by irreversible bronchial dilation and persistent productive cough. In non-cystic fibrosis cases, post-infectious etiologies must be considered. Measles, a preventable and highly contagious viral illness, can cause transient immunosuppression, predisposing individuals to secondary infections and long-term pulmonary complications, including non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Vaccination against measles significantly reduces the incidence of pulmonary complications, including pneumonia, and consequently the occurrence of bronchiectasis. Despite global vaccination efforts, with measles declared eliminated in the United States in 2000, declining vaccine coverage has led to outbreaks even in developed countries. We present a 65-year-old non-smoking woman followed since 2009, presenting with chronic productive cough, recurrent respiratory infections, and progressive dyspnea. Initial diagnosis was bilateral cystic bronchiectasis, confirmed by high-resolution CT. The etiological workup identified bilateral cystic bronchiectasis secondary to severe measles pneumonia in childhood, confirmed serologically. The disease progressed with recurrent exacerbations, requiring multiple hospitalizations. Since 2019, she has been treated with inhaled colistimethate sodium due to chronic