ArticleFrontiers in physiology2025
Sweat sodium composition and sweat loss estimation through wearable sensors and predictive equations in dry and humid hot conditions.
Article in Frontiers in physiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07464743 (Time Onset Sweat Sodium), which is not on this map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Time Onset Sweat Sodium (TOSS) Study
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Applications of Wearable Sweat Biosensors in Sports Activities with Real-World Cases.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Consumer Smartwatch Technology in Health and Performance Research: Validity, Limitations, and Real-World Applications.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Physiological associations with heart rate-speed decoupling during a half-marathon in adolescent endurance runners.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Validity and reliability of a wearable armband for continuous sweat conductivity monitoring during exercise.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Individualized sweat testing is essential for tailoring hydration and nutrition strategies, as water and sodium losses during exercise vary greatly across athletes. The validity of a wearable sweat sensor (S1, Flowbio) and a handheld analyzer (LAQUAtwin, Horiba Advanced Techno) for measuring sweat sodium concentration ([Na Methods: Twenty-three recreationally active participants (11 males, 12 females) completed two sessions in hot and dry (40 °C, 36% rh) and hot and humid (30 °C, 81% rh) controlled environmental conditions on a cycling ergometer (74 ± 12 min, 1.9 ± 0.4 W/kg). Participants were instrumented with two S1 sensors and absorbent patches placed on each upper arm. Sweat was extracted from patches to measure [Na Results: The estimated marginal means of sweat [Na Conclusion: S1 offers equivalent and more practical collection of sweat [Na
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.