Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41560740›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2025

Acceptability of minitablets in soft food. A randomised cross-over study in children.

Jennifer C Duncan, Rebecca Page, Janet Clark, Gabrielle Seddon, Joy Slater, Andrea Gill, Silothabo Dliso, Udeme Ohia, Nikolaos Skoutelis, Leonie Wagner-Hattler and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Jennifer C DuncanPaediatric Medicines Research Unit (PMRU), Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Rebecca PagePaediatric Medicines Research Unit (PMRU), Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Janet ClarkPaediatric Medicines Research Unit (PMRU), Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Gabrielle SeddonPaediatric Medicines Research Unit (PMRU), Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Joy SlaterPaediatric Medicines Research Unit (PMRU), Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Andrea GillPaediatric Medicines Research Unit (PMRU), Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Silothabo DlisoNIHR Alder Hey Clinical Research Facility, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Udeme OhiaNIHR Alder Hey Clinical Research Facility, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Nikolaos SkoutelisDepartment of Paediatric Nephrology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Leonie Wagner-HattlerPharmaceutical R&D, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
Adrian BaumgartnerPharmaceutical R&D, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
Angela SprunkPharmaceutical R&D, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
Peter KühlPharmaceutical R&D, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
Louise BrackenPaediatric Medicines Research Unit (PMRU), Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the acceptability of placebo minitablets mixed with different volumes of soft food in children aged 6 months to 7 years. Methods: In this UK hospital-based, randomised cross-over study, children received placebo minitablets in yoghurt or apple sauce. Those under 1 year received one sample; older children received two. All participants were video recorded taking the samples. Minitablet counts (50-135), and soft food volumes (7.5-30 mL) increased with age. Children aged 1 year + were randomised to "high" or "low" soft food volumes for the first sample; parents chose the soft-food amount for younger children. Swallowability was rated (1-5) by researchers, and palatability by independent reviewers ('pleasant', 'neutral', or 'unpleasant'). Palatability and swallowability scores were then combined to assess overall acceptability using the composite endpoint tool. Children aged 4-7 years completed a participant questionnaire. Results: 100 children were grouped by age: <2 years (G1, n = 16), 2-4 years (G2, n = 37), and ≥5 years (G3, n = 47). Mean age was 4.2 years; 56% were male; 84% were tablet naïve. Youngest was 9 months old. Yoghurt was preferred by 84%. Swallowability was 77% overall, increasing with age (G1: 69%, G2: 73%, G3: 83%). G3 participants consumed more per sample than G1 (at least 80% of minitablets consumed for Samples 1/2, respectively: G3-89%/91% vs. G1-69%/62%). 'Pleasant' was the most common palatability rating (48% Sample 1, 52% Sample 2). Some older children reported finding the number of minitablets excessive. Acceptability was 46% (G1), 58% (G2), and 53% (G3), with overall acceptability rated as "high/good" for 54% of participants. Conclusion: Minitablets in soft food were generally acceptable for children aged 9 months to 7 years, especially those aged 2-4 years. Swallowability and palatability were good across all age groups. Larger soft-food volumes were often preferred, but both volumes were well tolerated.

Indexed as

acceptabilitycomposite endpoint on acceptabilityminitabletspaediatric formulationspalatabilityswallowability

Identifiers

PMID41560740
PMCPMC12812957

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.