ReviewJournal of sleep research2026
Atlas and Updated Rules for the Scoring of Cyclic Alternating Pattern (CAP) in Human Sleep. A Consensus Report by a Taskforce of the European Sleep Research Society.
Review in Journal of sleep research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nightmare disorder shows reduced slow oscillation-dominant spindle coupling in NREM sleep.Npj biological timing and sleep · 2026Article
- Mapping nocturnal arousal across sleep and pain disorders.Scientific reports · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The cyclic alternating pattern is a hallmark of the dynamic organisation of non-rapid eye movement sleep, reflecting the brain's oscillatory regulation of arousal and sleep stability. Since the original publication of the rules for scoring the cyclic alternating pattern in 2001, major advances in sleep neurophysiology, signal analysis and international sleep staging standards have necessitated a comprehensive revision. This consensus report by a Taskforce of the European Sleep Research Society presents the updated 2025 Atlas and Rules for the scoring of the cyclic alternating pattern in human sleep. The new guidelines preserve the foundational framework of the cyclic alternating pattern while introducing several critical innovations: (i) expanded definitions and a broader catalogue of Phase A electroencephalographic patterns; (ii) refined onset and offset criteria based on amplitude and frequency shifts, with strict inter-lead concordance requirements; (iii) standardised metrics for the quantification and reporting of the cyclic alternating pattern; (iv) formal guidance for scoring the cyclic alternating pattern in paediatric populations and optional scoring in rapid eye movement sleep; and (v) a technical framework for computerised detection and analysis. These updates align scoring with contemporary sleep staging standards, enhancing precision, reproducibility and applicability across research and clinical contexts.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.