Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41560618›Full record

ArticleACS nano2026

Mechanically Strengthened Graphene Oxide: Covalent Organic Framework Membranes for Monovalent/Divalent Cation Selectivity via Electrodialysis.

Yuren Feng, Xiaoyin Tian, Yifan Zhu, Qiyi Fang, Rodolfo Cantu, Bongki Shin, Xiaochuan Huang, Xintong Weng, Xiang Zhang, Yunhao Zhang and 7 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in ACS nano, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Green Supercritical CONanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Yuren FengNSF Nanosystems Engineering Research Center Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
Xiaoyin TianNSF Nanosystems Engineering Research Center Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
Yifan ZhuNSF Nanosystems Engineering Research Center Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-9816-5764
Qiyi FangDepartment of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
Rodolfo CantuDepartment of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
Bongki ShinDepartment of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
Xiaochuan HuangNSF Nanosystems Engineering Research Center Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
Xintong WengDepartment of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
Xiang ZhangDepartment of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-4004-5185
Yunhao ZhangDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.ORCID 0009-0005-8284-9247
Doug SteinbachDepartment of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
Qing AiDepartment of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-6086-5431
Tsai-Hsuan ChenDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
Yimo HanDepartment of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
Pulickel M AjayanNSF Nanosystems Engineering Research Center Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-8323-7860
Qilin LiNSF Nanosystems Engineering Research Center Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-5756-3873
Jun LouNSF Nanosystems Engineering Research Center Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-4351-9561

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Electrodialysis is an energy efficient method for water desalination and resource recovery; however, the lack of ion selectivity in conventional ion-exchange membranes limits its performance, particularly in separating monovalent and divalent cations. In this study, we present the design and fabrication of mechanically reinforced graphene oxide (GO)-covalent organic framework (COF) composite membranes with variable selectivity for monovalent over divalent cations, enhancing the performance of electrodialysis processes. The composite membranes, created by stacking GO and sulfonate-functionalized COF nanosheets, exhibit a nacre-inspired "brick-and-mortar" structure that imparts mechanical robustness and high ion selectivity. By adjusting the GO-to- COF ratio, we achieved varying Na

Indexed as

covalent organic frameworkelectrodialysision separationmechanical robustnessmembraneselectivity

Identifiers

PMID41560618
PMCPMC12875026

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.