Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41560438›Full record

ArticleAnnals of clinical and translational neurology2026

Traumatic Microhemorrhages Are Not Synonymous With Axonal Injury.

Karinn Sytsma, Rhonda Mittenzwei, Heather Maioli, Amanda Kirkland, C Dirk Keene, Ramon Diaz-Arrastia, Christine Mac Donald, Chiara Maffei, Brian L Edlow, Amber L Nolan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Traumatic Microhemorrhages Are Not Synonymous With Axonal Injury.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Karinn SytsmaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Rhonda MittenzweiDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Heather MaioliOffice of Chief Medical Examiner of the City of New York, New York, New York, USA.
Amanda KirklandDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
C Dirk KeeneDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Ramon Diaz-ArrastiaDepartment of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Christine Mac DonaldDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Chiara MaffeiAthinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.
Brian L EdlowAthinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7235-8456
Amber L NolanDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0139-0974

Funding

University of Washington Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterP30AG066509 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI Amanda D. Boyd · 2020 to 2026
$29.0M
Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain InjuryU01NS086090 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI DIAZ-ARRASTIA, RAMON, GIACINO, JOSEPH THOMAS · 2013 to 2017
$19.1M
The Late Effects of TBI (LETBI) Study: Injury Patterns and Biological Markers of Post-Traumatic NeurodegenerationRF1NS115268 · NINDS · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI Kristen Dams-O'Connor · 2019 to 2026
$10.3M
Data Coordinating CoreU54NS115322 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI SMITH, DOUGLAS HAMILTON · 2019 to 2023
$9.2M
Interdisciplinary Research Network on Biologically Active Tau Aggregate Polymorphs from Alzheimer's Disease and Related DementiasU24AG072458 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON · PI EISENBERG, DAVID, KAYED, RAKEZ · 2021 to 2025
$7.8M
Neuroimaging and clinical Endpoints With High-dimensional analysis Of Pathological Endophenotypes in TBI (NEW-HOPE-TBI)U01NS137484 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI CHRISTOPHER DIRK KEENE, Christine L MacDonald · 2024 to 2026
$6.3M
An Acquisition and Analysis Pipeline for Integrating MRI and Neuropathology in TBI-related Dementia and VCIDU24NS135561 · NINDS · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI Bruce Fischl, Susie Yi Huang · 2023 to 2026
$6.1M
EValuation Of Longitudinal outcomes in mild TBI Active-Duty Military and VEterans 10-YearR01NS091618 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI MACDONALD, CHRISTINE L · 2015 to 2024
$6.1M
Neuropathology of CTE and Delayed Effects of TBI: Toward In-Vivo DiagnosticsU01NS086625 · NINDS · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI DAMS-O'CONNOR, KRISTEN · 2014 to 2017
$6.1M
Transdisciplinary Research Accelerating Neuropathology Studies and Facilitating Open Research Methods in TBI (TRANSFORM-TBI)U01NS137500 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Edward Byung-Ha Lee, Douglas Hamilton Smith · 2024 to 2026
$5.8M
A Connectome-Based Clinical Trial Platform to Promote Early Recovery of Consciousness after Traumatic ComaDP2HD101400 · NICHD · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI EDLOW, BRIAN L. · 2019 to 2019
$2.5M
Measuring Brain Complexity to Detect and Predict Recovery of Consciousness in the ICUR01NS138257 · NINDS · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI Melanie Boly, Brian L. Edlow · 2024 to 2026
$1.9M
Chen Institute MGH Research Scholar AwardNancy and Buster Alvord EndowmentNIA NIH HHS AG066509NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066509NIA NIH HHS P30AG066509NIA NIH HHS U24AG072458NIH Director's Office DP2HD101400NINDS NIH HHS K08NS114170NINDS NIH HHS R01NS091618NINDS NIH HHS R01NS138257NINDS NIH HHS R21NS109627NINDS NIH HHS RF1NS115268NINDS NIH HHS U01NS086090NINDS NIH HHS U01NS086625NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS137484NINDS NIH HHS U01NS137484NINDS NIH HHS U01NS137500NINDS NIH HHS U24NS135561NINDS NIH HHS U54NS115322U.S. Department of Defense W81XWH-21-S-TBIPH2VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is caused by acceleration-deceleration forces during trauma that shear white matter tracts. Susceptibility-weighted MRI (SWI) identifies microbleeds that are considered the radiologic hallmark of DAI and are used in clinical prognostication. However, this assumption is limited by a lack of systematic radiologic-pathologic correlation studies. Here, we performed ex vivo SWI on three brains from patients who died after severe TBI and assessed axonal injury around SWI microbleeds using immunohistochemistry to the amyloid-beta precursor protein. Axonal injury was present in 64% of microbleeds, indicating a heterogeneous injury response in the white matter.

Indexed as

Diffuse Axonal InjuryWhite MatterAxonsFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle Agedaxonal injuryneuropathologytraumatic microhemorrhages

Identifiers

PMID41560438
PMCPMC13161866

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.