ArticleMedicine2026
Mendelian randomization study of the role of TD CD4+ T cells in the association between Streptococcus thermophilus and esophageal cancer.
Article in Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Immune exhaustion in esophageal cancer: interferon pathway dysregulation and neoadjuvant therapy response.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) remains a major global health burden, and emerging research highlights the potential influence of the gut microbiome on its pathogenesis. However, the causal relationship between specific microbial taxa and EC, as well as the immunological mechanisms mediating these effects, remains unclear. A 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was performed using data from 619 EC cases and 314,193 controls in the FinnGen R10 cohort, together with genome-wide association summary statistics of 412 gut microbiota taxa and 731 immune phenotypes obtained from the National Human Genome Research Institute-European Bioinformatics Institute Genome-Wide Association Studies Catalog. The analysis aimed to determine causal links between the gut microbiome and EC, and to explore immune cell-mediated pathways through mediation analysis. The results revealed a significant protective association between Streptococcus thermophilus and EC risk (odds ratio = 0.586, 95% confidence interval = 0.402-0.855, P = .006). Mediation analysis indicated that terminally differentiated CD4+ T cells partially mediated this relationship, accounting for approximately 6% of the total effect. This study identifies Streptococcus thermophilus as a potentially protective gut commensal that may reduce EC risk through immune modulation. The findings provide novel insights into microbiome-immune-cancer interactions and suggest possible preventive or therapeutic targets for EC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.