Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41559907›Full record

ArticleJournal of animal science2026

Effects of standardized ileal digestible lysine:crude protein ratio and the use of non-protein nitrogen on growth performance of 11- to 25-kg pigs.

Jessica L Smallfield, Mike D Tokach, Katelyn N Gaffield, Robert D Goodband, Jason C Woodworth, Joel M Derouchey, Jordan T Gebhardt, Keith D Haydon, Alan J Warner, Chad W Hastad and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of animal science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Jessica L SmallfieldDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, United States.
Mike D TokachDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, United States.
Katelyn N GaffieldDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, United States.
Robert D GoodbandDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, United States.
Jason C WoodworthDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-7268-4278
Joel M DeroucheyDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, United States.
Jordan T GebhardtDepartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, United States.
Keith D HaydonCJ America, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, United States.
Alan J WarnerNew Fashion Pork, Jackson, MN, 56143, United States.
Chad W HastadNew Fashion Pork, Jackson, MN, 56143, United States.
Dwight J ShawkHord Family Farms, Bucyrus, OH, 44820, United States.
Noah C GaineyHord Family Farms, Bucyrus, OH, 44820, United States.
Henrique S CeminHubbard Feeds, Mankato, MN, 56001, United States.
Jose A SotoAlltech, Nicholasville, KY, 40356, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Three experiments were conducted to determine if nitrogen is a limiting factor for growth performance when feeding low protein, amino acid (AA) fortified diets and determine the effects of standardized ileal digestible lysine to crude protein (SID Lys:CP) ratio on growth performance of 11- to 25-kg pigs. In Exp. 1,981 pigs ([Fast Large White × PIC L02] × PIC 800; initially 10.3 ± 0.19 kg) were used in a 21-d study. Diets were corn-soybean meal-based consisting of: 1) a low level of feed-grade AA with a SID Lys:CP ratio of 6.0%; 2) a moderate level of feed-grade AA with a SID Lys:CP ratio of 6.5%; 3) a high level of feed-grade AA with a SID Lys:CP ratio of 7.0%; 4) diet 3 with added diammonium phosphate (DAP) added to achieve a SID Lys:CP ratio of 6.5%; and 5) diet 3 with L-Gly added to achieve a SID Lys:CP ratio of 6.5%. Average daily gain (ADG) was unaffected by dietary treatment but gain:feed ratio (G:F) decreased (linear, P = 0.002; quadratic, P = 0.054) as SID Lys:CP ratio exceeded 6.5%. Adding DAP or L-Gly to the high feed-grade AA diet increased (P ≤ 0.003) G:F compared to pigs fed the high feed-grade AA diet. In Exp. 2, 4,167 pigs (337 × 1050, PIC; initially 13.0 ± 0.27 kg) were used in a 14-d study. Diets were corn-soybean meal-based, and treatments arranged in a 2 × 5 factorial with main effects of SID Lys (1.15 or 1.30%) and SID Lys:CP ratio (6.00, 6.22, 6.46, 6.72, and 7.00%). Overall ADG was unaffected by dietary treatment; however, a SID Lys:CP × SID Lys interaction was observed for G:F (linear, P = 0.012) where increasing SID Lys:CP ratio decreased (linear, P < 0.001) G:F at both SID Lys levels with a more pronounced effect in diets formulated to 1.15% SID Lys. Lastly, Exp. 3 used 5,059 pigs (PIC 800 × Camborough and DNA 600 × 241; initially 11.0 ± 0.90 kg) in an 18-d trial. Treatment diets were arranged in a 2 × 6 factorial with main effects of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS; 0 or 15%) and SID Lys:CP ratio (6.01, 6.22, 6.45, 6.70, 6.97, and 7.26%). Overall, ADG was unaffected by dietary treatment, but a SID Lys:CP × DDGS interaction was observed (linear, P < 0.001) where G:F increased then decreased (quadratic, P < 0.001) in diets without DDGS, whereas in the diets with DDGS, G:F decreased (quadratic, P ≤ 0.002) as SID Lys:CP ratio increased above 6.45%. In summary, a SID Lys:CP ratio greater than approximately 6.5% decreased G:F, but adding a protein or non-protein nitrogen source to low protein diets formulated above this ratio improves G:F.

Indexed as

Dietary ProteinsIleumLysineNitrogenAnimal FeedAnimal Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaAnimalsDietDigestionFemaleMaleSwineDietary ProteinsLysineNitrogenamino acidscrude proteinlysinenon-protein nitrogennursery pigs

Identifiers

PMID41559907
PMCPMC12962808

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.