Observational studyBMC infectious diseases2026
Risk factors for adverse events associated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment for Pneumocystis pneumonia in non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: a multicenter, retrospective, observational cohort study.
Observational study in BMC infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is a severe opportunistic infection. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) is the first-choice treatment for PCP in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and non-HIV-infected patients. However, the high incidence of adverse events makes treatment with SXT difficult. The risk factors for these adverse events in patients with non-HIV PCP remain unclear.
methodsIn this multicenter, retrospective, observational cohort study, we investigated these risk factors by analyzing data from patients with non-HIV PCP treated with SXT between June 2006 and March 2021 across three institutions. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of grade 3 or higher adverse events according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0: the adverse event (n = 74) and no adverse event (n = 62) groups. Patient characteristics were compared, and multivariate regression analysis was used to identify factors contributing to adverse events. We also investigated the relationship between treatment failure and adverse events.
resultsBaseline characteristics showed notable variations between the groups, notably in serum sodium, serum potassium levels, and the initial trimethoprim dose per weight. Logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations among adverse events and these three baseline variables. In the treatment failure group, the most frequent adverse events included skin rashes, hyponatremia, and hyperkalemia.
conclusionsPretreatment serum sodium and potassium levels and the initial SXT dose per weight were identified as independent risk factors for developing CTCAE grade 3 or higher adverse events associated with SXT treatment for non-HIV PCP. Further large-scale, prospective studies are essential to confirm these results.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.