SynthesisEuropean archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery2026
Therapeutic effect of anti-neuroinflammatory supplement combined with olfactory training on post-covid olfactory dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThere is no established specific treatment for post-COVID olfactory dysfunction (PCOD) currently. Olfactory training (OT) is the only effective intervention supported by clinical evidence. The anti-neuroinflammatory supplement palmitoylethanolamide and luteolin (PEA-LUT) has shown potential in alleviating the symptoms of post-COVID, but its therapeutic effect on olfactory dysfunction and the gain effect when combined with OT remain to be evaluated.
methodsWe comprehensively searched the online databases EMBASE, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.govfor the literature related to the treatment of PCOD, identified studies reporting the efficacy of PEA-LUT combined with OT, extracted the treatment outcome data, and performed data synthesis.
resultsA total of 7 eligible RCTs published between 2021 and 2024 were included, comprising 525 patients with PCOD. Of the seven studies, five (71.4%) used the full Threshold-Discrimination-Identification (TDI) scoresystem to assess olfactory function, while two (28.6%) used only the Identification ("I") subscale; 332 patients (63.2%) received PEA-LUT + OT therapy and 203 (38.8%) received OT alone. Meta-analysis of these studies showed that patients receiving PEA-LUT combined with OT had significantly higher TDI scores compared to those receiving OT alone (Standard mean difference (SMD) = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.24-1.58; P < 0.01). The overall response rate was also significantly higher in the combination group (Risk difference (RD) = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.01-0.64; P = 0.04).
conclusionThe neuroprotective properties of PEA-LUT appear to enhance recovery from post-COVID olfactory dysfunction. When combined with olfactory training, this treatment shows promising potential as a novel therapeutic approach.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.