Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41559116›Full record

ArticleScientific data2026

A Benchmark Dataset of Chinese Development Finance with Climate Relevance and SDG Annotations from 2000-2021.

Ji Qi, Yayun Tang, Zhenyi Zhang, Yu Wang, Haoqi Qian

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific data, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ji QiInstitute for Global Public Policy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Yayun TangInstitute for Global Public Policy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Zhenyi ZhangInstitute for Global Public Policy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Yu WangFudan Institute for Advanced Study in Social Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5666-7881
Haoqi QianInstitute for Global Public Policy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China. qianhaoqi@fudan.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5156-4402

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 72322013,72234001,72234002
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

China has become a major provider of climate finance to the Global South, yet systematic and transparent data capturing the full scope of its efforts remains limited. This study presents a refined project-level dataset of Chinese development finance from 2000 to 2021, comprising 20,985 records from the AidData Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset. Using a multi-stage approach, we identify 1,383 climate-related projects, amounting to $421 billion, and assign SDG targets to all entries. Climate relevance and SDG alignment were determined through extensive manual annotation following the Rio Marker and SDG frameworks. To ensure consistency and scalability, we conducted technical validation using pretrained BERT models for climate and SDG classification. The resulting dataset not only enables systematic analysis of China's evolving international climate finance portfolio and sustainable development commitments, but also serves as a benchmark resource for researchers in climate and sustainable development fields to train or refine advanced language models.

Identifiers

PMID41559116
PMCPMC12921263

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.