Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41559001›Full record

Observational studyNursing open2026

Living Space Mobility and Liberty Deprivation Measures Among Residents With Dementia in Long-Term Inpatient Care: A Longitudinal Study.

Nico Marcus Haller, Lena Knüppel, Lars Kaderali, Simone Freitag, Steve Strupeit

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Nursing open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Nico Marcus HallerInstitute of Nursing Science and Interprofessional Learning, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9194-6516
Lena KnüppelInstitute of Nursing Science and Interprofessional Learning, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9906-5289
Lars KaderaliInstitute of Bioinformatics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2359-2294
Simone FreitagInstitute of Nursing Science and Interprofessional Learning, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5833-7077
Steve StrupeitInstitute of Nursing Science and Interprofessional Learning, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9633-7495

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the living space mobility among people with and without dementia and the influence of liberty-depriving measures on living space mobility.

designThis empirical quantitative study used a longitudinal design.

methodsResidents in five inpatient long-term care facilities were examined over a period of 6 months, including individuals with and without dementia. Data were collected at three time points between October 2023 and July 2024. Living space mobility was assessed by nursing staff using the Heidelberg Instrument for Assessing the Quality of Life of People with Dementia (H.I.L.D.E.), and the liberty deprivation measures were assessed by analysing medical records. The data were statistically analysed to obtain frequencies and to examine group differences.

resultsThere was a significant correlation between living space mobility and dementia diagnosis: residents with dementia mainly stayed within their living area, whereas residents without dementia had a greater range of movement, including outside the facility. A significant correlation between liberty deprivation measures and dementia diagnosis could not be established. However, living space mobility was significantly associated with the use of liberty deprivation measures regardless of dementia status.

conclusionThe results highlight the importance of living space mobility for residents with dementia and emphasise the influence of liberty deprivation measures. Further longitudinal studies with larger samples and alternative survey methods are necessary to investigate these relationships in greater depth. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE: For professional care, it is important to promote the mobility and well-being of residents, regularly review freedom of movement and implement strategies for participation and autonomy in order to increase the quality of care. IMPACT: The results emphasise the importance of mobility promotion in dementia care and the critical reflection of liberty deprivation measures in long-term inpatient care. Larger longitudinal studies are recommended to clarify the causal relationships. REPORTING

methodThe methods and results of this study were reported in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: The study participants were recruited after being informed about the study and providing their consent.

Indexed as

DementiaInpatientsLong-Term CareAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleNursing Home ResidentsNursing HomesQuality of Lifedementialiberty‐depriving measuresliving space mobilitylong‐term inpatient careradius of movement

Identifiers

PMID41559001
PMCPMC12819044

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.