ArticleJournal of advanced research2026
Multi-targeted synergy of Bacillus sp. TC5 fermentation products for transdermal drug delivery and hair regeneration.
Article in Journal of advanced research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Organoid-loaded core-shell cryomicroneedles induce biomimetic follicular units and hair regeneration.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Self-Assembled Nanoparticles of Licorice Extract Enhance Skin Penetration and Regulate Barrier Proteins via a Dual-Channel Pathway.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe stratum corneum represents a major barrier to transdermal drug delivery, while limited follicular activity contributes to hair loss disorders. Bacillus species, generally recognized as safe microorganisms, have broad applications in biotechnology and industry; however, their application in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries still faces certain challenges.
objectiveBacillus sp. TC5 is a high-yield keratinase-producing strain. This study evaluated the dermatological potential of Bacillus sp. TC5 fermentation products, focusing on their dual functions in enhancing transdermal drug delivery and promoting hair growth through biochemical and molecular mechanisms.
methodsNon-targeted metabolomics identified bioactive metabolites in TC5 fermentation products. Franz diffusion assays assessed their ability to enhance transdermal permeation of pharmaceuticals (5-fluorouracil, minoxidil, ketoprofen) and cosmetic agents (niacinamide, tripeptides, decapeptides). In vivo efficacy was examined in C57BL/6 mice through hair regrowth observation, follicle morphology (HE staining), and immunofluorescence staining for protein expression.
resultsTC5 fermentation products were non-toxic to HDFs, HaCaT cells (200-800 μg/mL), and DPCs (100-500 μg/mL) without inducing ROS. They markedly enhanced skin permeability, shortening lag time and increasing drug permeation. In vivo treatment improved follicle density and diameter, with increased ALP, K5, and Ki67 expression indicating dermal papilla activation. Mechanistically, the products stimulated the Wnt10b/β-catenin and VEGF/IGF-1 pathways, promoting follicular proliferation, angiogenesis, and epithelial renewal, while suppressing TGF-β1 and FGF5 and modulating BMP6 to prolong the anagen phase. Upregulation of keratin 14 and 17 strengthened hair shaft integrity.
conclusionBacillus sp. TC5 fermentation products effectively promote hair regrowth and enhance transdermal drug absorption. These findings highlight TC5 metabolites as promising, eco-friendly candidates for developing novel skin penetration enhancers and cosmeceuticals for hair restoration and skin repair.
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