Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41558555›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics2026

The Kilovoltage Intrafraction Monitoring Real-Time Prostate Cancer Image Guided Radiation Therapy Technology Journey: From Clinical Trials to Your Clinic.

Paul J Keall, Jeremy Booth, Thomas Eade, Emily A Hewson, Amar U Kishan, Michael Jameson, Kankean Kandasamy, Andrew Kneebone, Doan Trang Nguyen, Per Rugaard Poulsen and 5 more

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In one paragraph

Article in International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Paul J KeallImage X Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Electronic address: paul.keall@sydney.edu.au.
Jeremy BoothDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Institute of Medical Physics, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Thomas EadeDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Emily A HewsonImage X Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Amar U KishanDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; University of California Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California.
Michael JamesonGenesisCare, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
Kankean KandasamySeeTreat, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Andrew KneeboneDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Doan Trang NguyenSeeTreat, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Per Rugaard PoulsenDanish Centre for Particle Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Chandrima SenguptaImage X Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Daniel E SprattDepartment of Radiation Oncology, UH Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio; University Hospitals at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
Alison TreeDepartment of Urology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom.
Pengpeng ZhangDepartment of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
Jarad MartinDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Calvary Mater, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.

Funding

X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHYP30CA008748 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RES · PI Hongbiao Carl Lekaye · 1985 to 2026
$347.4M
4D IMRT: Stereotactic body radiotherapy for lung cancerR01CA093626 · NCI · VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY · PI KEALL, PAUL J · 2002 to 2013
$2.8M
Reducing toxicity from prostate cancer radiotherapy through genetics and technologyR37CA292795 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Amar U Kishan · 2024 to 2026
$1.1M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA008748NCI NIH HHS R01 CA093626NCI NIH HHS R37 CA292795
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeStereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) schedules for prostate cancer are emerging as a standard treatment approach. However, although high efficacy is achieved in clinical trials, additional efforts at accurate treatment delivery are necessary to maximize the therapeutic ratio in the community setting. Kilovoltage Intrafraction Monitoring (KIM) is a technology developed to address the unmet clinical need of accurate intrafraction motion management without a requirement for additional hardware on standard linear accelerators. This paper describes the journey from bench to bedside of KIM. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The concept of KIM emerged in 2008 in a series of simulations, progressing to phantom experiments commencing in 2010, culminating in the first clinical trial starting in 2014. A series of technical innovations integrating rotational prostate movements, quality assurance, and dynamic multileaf collimator tracking were included within the multi-institutional Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group 15.01 Stereotactic Prostate Adaptive Radiation therapy using KIM clinical trial for prostate SBRT.

resultsSubmillimeter accuracy of KIM was observed in simulations, phantom experiments, and clinical trials. The Stereotactic Prostate Adaptive Radiation therapy using KIM trial demonstrated multicenter feasibility of use, a high rate of intrafraction motion triggering a gating event, and a significant dosimetric impact of KIM deployment for target volume coverage. KIM is being made available through commercialization with an industry partner, and through a 300-patient, 10-center clinical trial.

conclusionsThe collaboration between researchers, clinicians, and industry has led to KIM being developed from a concept to clinical trials, enabling the safe delivery of prostate cancer SBRT in the presence of intrafraction motion. This journey provides a template for similar bench-to-bedside translational research.

Indexed as

Prostatic NeoplasmsRadiosurgeryRadiotherapy, Image-GuidedClinical Trials as TopicDose Fractionation, RadiationHumansMaleMovementOrgan MotionPhantoms, ImagingRadiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted

Identifiers

PMID41558555
PMCPMC13314134

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.