ArticleJMIR formative research2026
Online Racism, Digital Mental Health Tools, and Online Mental Health Communication Among Black Young Adults With and Without Depression or Anxiety: Cross-Sectional Quantitative Study.
Article in JMIR formative research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Use of technological resources that provide support for mental health (ie, digital mental health tools) and opportunities to use the internet to communicate with others or receive information about mental health (ie, online mental health communication) are growing in popularity among young adults (aged 18-29 y). However, whether exposure to the negative experience of racism online is associated with the use of digital mental health tools and online mental health communication remains an important empirical question for Black young adults, given their frequent online use and engagement. Objective: This study sought to examine (1) how the frequency of exposure to online racism is associated with the use of digital mental health tools and engagement in online mental health communication and (2) how these associations differ for Black young adults with either anxiety and depression versus those without. Methods: Conducted from July to September 2024, data came from a larger cross-sectional study of 1005 monoracial Black young adults (mean age 24.07, SD3.04 y; 50.6% women) who completed an online survey and self-reported measures of exposure to online racism, use of digital mental health tools, frequency of engaging in online mental health communication, and anxiety and depressive symptoms. Two separate path analysis regression models were conducted for the outcomes of depression and anxiety. Results: Our results showed that more frequent exposure to online racism was associated with a greater likelihood of using digital mental health tools (odds ratio [OR] range 1.72-1.84; P<.001) and a greater engagement in online mental health communication (β range=.31-.36; P<.001). Those with depression and anxiety also had a greater likelihood of using digital mental health tools (depression OR 2.02; P=.001; and anxiety OR 1.71, P=.005) and a greater engagement in online mental health communication (depression β=.21; P<.001; and anxiety β=.16; P<.001). Neither anxiety nor depression was a significant moderator. Conclusions: Exposure to online racism, digital mental health tools use, and online mental health communication are linked for Black young adults. Black young adults may use digital mental health tools and engage in mental health communication online when they experience online racism or may experience online racism when they use these tools and engage online, necessitating further longitudinal analyses of these relationships. Complementary digital intervention implementation strategies that support mental health while mitigating online racism are needed. Ensuring that digital tools and mental health communications opportunities are safe, culturally relevant, and free from online racism is a set of mutually reinforcing priorities for digital interventions.
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